Struts 学习笔记3(拦截器、文件上传、下载、xml、json)
项目文件结构
Struts2应用的分层体系架构
1.将处理逻辑放到service里，如Action层不准许出现在sql语句，session、request不允许传到service层去。
LoginAction.java
package com.struts2.struts2;
……该导入的包……
class LoginAction extends ActionSupport
private String username;
private String password;
private Date date;
private LoginService loginService = new LoginServiceImpl();
……Set与get方法……
public String execute() throws Exception
//业务逻辑不写到Action里
if(!"hello".equals(username))
throw new UsernameException("username invalid");
if(!"world".equals(password))
throw new PasswordException("password invalid");
return SUCCESS;
//利用ServletActionContext,获得HttpServletRequest请求
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("hello", "helloworld");
ActionContext actionContext = ActionContext.getContext();
Map&String, Object& map = actionContext.getSession();
//获取session
Object object = map.get("hello");
//打印出session的信息
System.out.println(object);
if(this.loginService.isLogin(username, password))
………………
LoginService.java
package com.struts2.
interface LoginService
boolean isLogin(String username, String password);
LoginServiceImpl.java
package com.struts2.service.
import com.struts2.service.LoginS
class LoginServiceImpl implements LoginService
boolean isLogin(String username, String password)
if("hello".equals(username) && "world".equals(password))
编辑struts2.xml文件
&action name="login" class="com.struts2.struts2.LoginAction"&
&result name="success" type="dispatcher"&/result.jsp&/result&
&result name="input"&/login.jsp&/result&
Struts2的模型驱动(model driven)
属性驱动(propertity driven)与模型驱动的区别：之前的都是属性驱动，属性驱动与模型驱动的处理方式差不多，但它们导致的结果却不同，属性驱动是在接收的请求后，将对象里的值一个一个的 set 好，此时并没有new 出一个整的对象。而模型驱动是在接收到用户提交表单请求后，就将对象创建好了，并把对象的值也设定好了，可以直接拿对象来用了。
实现了ModelDriven接口的Action的执行过程
1).首先调用getModel()方法，返回一个person对象
2).模型查找提交过来的表单中有没有username、password等属性名是否匹配，如果匹配，则将对应的值自动设置到对象中，放到模型当中。
3).当在结果页面，以request.getAttribute()或requestScope取值时，同样通过Action从模型当中取值。
属性驱动与模型驱动的比较
1）属性驱动灵活，准确；模型驱动不灵活，因为很多时候，页面所提交过来的参数并不属于模型中的属性，也就是说页面所提交过来的参数与模型中的属性并不一致，这是很常见的情况。
2）模型驱动更加符合面向对象的编程风格，使得我们获得的是对象而不是一个个离散的值。
小结：推荐使用属性驱动编写 Action。
Preparable接口的作用是让 Action完成一些初始化工作，这些初始化工作是放在 Preparable接口的prepare方法中完成的，该方法会在execute方法执行之前得到调用。
Person.java
package com.struts2.
import java.util.D
class Person
String username;
private String password;
private Date date;
……get、set方法……
LoginAction2.java
package com.struts2.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelD
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.P
import com.struts2.bean.P
class LoginAction2 extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven&Person&, Preparable
//模型驱动
private Person person = new Person();
//1.首先调用getModel()方法，返回一个person对象
//2.模型查找提交过来的表单中有没有username、password等属性值，如果有，则模型自动设置到对象中
public Person getModel()
System.out.println("getModel invoked!");
//返回生成的person
//调用这个方法让action准备自身
void prepare() throws Exception
System.out.println("prepare invoked!!");
public String execute() throws Exception
System.out.println("execute invoked!");
//System.out.println(person.getUsername());
struts.xml
向struts.xml文件中，添加一个action,如下：
&action name="login2" class="com.struts2.struts2.LoginAction2"&
&result name="success"&/result.jsp&/result&
&form action="login2.action"&
username: &input type="text" name="username"&&br&
password: &input type="password" name="password"&&br&
age: &input type="text" name="age"&&br&
date: &input type="text" name="date"&&br&
&input type="submit" value="submit"&
result.jsp
username: ${requestScope.username }&br&&!-- requestScope相当于request.getAttribute() --&
password: ${requestScope.password }&br&
age: ${requestScope.age }&br&
date: ${requestScope.date }&br&
session: ${sessionScope.hello }&!-- 取得通过ServletActionContext方式获取的session --&
服务器端代码的单元测试
服务器端代码的单元测试有两种模式
1） 容器内测试（Jetty）
2） Mock 测试 （ 继承 HttpServletRequest 、 HttpSession 、HttpServletResponse等Servlet API） 。
防止表单重复提交
采取请求转发的方式完成表单内容的添加会造成内容的重复插入。采取重定向的方式实现数据的添加不会导致数据的重复插入(即：重定向到一个list查询Action)。
因为struts.xml文件中&package name="struts2" extends="struts-default"&,所以继续了struts-default中的结果类型。
防止表单重复提交的两种方式
通过重定向
通过Session Token（Session令牌）：当客户端请求页面时，服务器会通过token标签生成一个随机数，并且将该随机数放置到 session当中，然后将该随机数发向户端；如果客户第一次提交，那么会将该随机数发往服务器端，服务器会接收到该随机数并且与 session 中所保存的随机数进行比较，这时两者的值是相同的，服务器认为是第一次提交，并且将更新服务器端的这个随机数值；如果此时再次重复提交，那么客户端发向服务器端的随机数还是之前的那个，而服务器端的随机数则已经发生了变化，两者不同，服务器就认为这是重复提交，进而转向invalid.token所指向的结果页面。
Struts-default.xml中定义的结果类型
打开struts2-core-2.2.1.1.jar下的struts-default.xml文件，其中定义了的结果类型，如下：
&package name="struts-default" abstract="true"&
&result-types&
&result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/&
&result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/&
&result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/&
&result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult"/&
&result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult"/&
&result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult"/&
&result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult"/&
&result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult"/&
&result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/&
&result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" /&
&/result-types&
………………
页面重定向与请求转发的设定
在struts.xml文件中，设置Action中的result元素的type属性即可，如下：
&action name="login" class="com.struts2.struts2.LoginAction"&
&result name="success" type="dispatcher"&/result.jsp&/result&
&result name="success" type="redirect"&/result.jsp&/result&
&result name="input"&/login.jsp&/result&
重定向到Action (redirectAction)
action1.jsp
&form action="action1.action"&
username: &input type="text" name="username"&&br&
password: &input type="password" name="password"&&br&
&input type="submit" value="submit"&
action2.jsp
username: &s:property value="username"/&&br&
password: &s:property value="password"/&&br&
usernameAndPassword: &s:property value="usernameAndPassword"/&
Action1.java
package com.struts2.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
class Action1 extends ActionSupport
private String username;
private String password;
private String usernameAndPassword;
……set、get方法……
public String execute() throws Exception
this.usernameAndPassword = this.username + this.password;
Action2.java
package com.struts2.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
class Action2 extends ActionSupport
private String username;
private String password;
private String usernameAndPassword;
………get、set方法………
public String execute() throws Exception
struts.xml
&action name="action1" class="com.struts2.struts2.Action1"&
&result name="success" type="redirectAction"&
&!--如果不传参数，可把action2直接写到result的text域中 --&
&param name="actionName"&action2&/param&
&param name="username"&${username}&/param&&!--
获取Action1的成员变量 --&
&param name="password"&${password}&/param&
&param name="usernameAndPassword"&${usernameAndPassword}&/param&
&action name="action2" class="com.struts2.struts2.Action2"&
&result name="success"&/action2.jsp&/result&
chain结果类型(Action之间的请求转发)
要点：直接修改struts.xml文件中的action的result的type属性的值为 chain ,如下：
&action name="action1" class="com.vvvv.struts2.Action1"&
&result name="success" type=chain"&
&!--如果不传参数，可把action2直接写到result的text域中 --&
&param name="actionName"&action2&/param&
&param name="username"&${username}&/param&&!--
获取Action1的成员变量 --&
&param name="password"&${password}&/param&
&param name="usernameAndPassword"&${usernameAndPassword}&/param&
运行可以发现，这种方式不是以重定向的形式转发,且action2.jsp页面拿不到usernameAndPassword的信息。因为由Action1转发到到Action2，是在服务器内部进行了，是在一个客户端页面(action1.jsp)请求范围内，而请求中只包含username、password两个参数。所以拿不到usernameAndPassword的值。
Struts2 Session Token机制
&s:form action="token.action" theme="simple"&
username: &s:textfield name="username"&&/s:textfield&&br&
password: &s:password name="password"&&/s:password&&br&
&s:token&&/s:token&
&s:submit value="submit"&&/s:submit&
TokenAction.java
package com.struts2.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
class TokenAction extends ActionSupport
private String username;
private String password;
……get、set方法……
public String execute() throws Exception
tokenSuccess.jsp
username: &s:property value="username"/&&br&
password: &s:property value="password"/&
tokenFail.jsp
不要重复提交表单
struts.xml
&action name="token" class="com.struts2.struts2.TokenAction"&
&result name="success"&/tokenSuccess.jsp&/result&
&result name="invalid.token"&/tokenFail.jsp&/result&
&interceptor-ref name="token"&&/interceptor-ref&
&interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"&&/interceptor-ref&
struts2拦截器
拦截器（Interceptor） ：拦截器是Struts2的核心，Struts2的众多功能都是通过拦截器来实现的；
拦截器在服务器被启动时，被初始化，调用init方法；
拦截器的配置
1）编写实现Interceptor 接口的类。
2）在struts.xml 文件中定义拦截器。
3）在action中使用拦截器
首先编写拦截器类（TheInterceptor1）
package com.struts2.
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionI
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I
class TheInterceptor1 implements Interceptor
private String test;
public String getTest()
void setTest(String test)
System.out.println("setTest invoked!");
//set方法先于init方法执行
this.test =
void destroy()
void init()
System.out.println("init invoked!");
System.out.println("test: " + this.test);
//服务器永远不会去执行挂截器，只不过是在执行拦截器之前，执行一个invoke方法
public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws
System.out.println("before");
String result = invocation.invoke();
System.out.println("after");
struts.xml
&package name="struts2" extends="struts-default"&
&interceptors&
&interceptor name="theInterceptor1" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.TheInterceptor1"&
&param name="test"&vvvv&/param&
&/interceptor&
&/interceptors&
………………
&action name="token" class="com.struts2.struts2.TokenAction"&
&result name="success"&/tokenSuccess.jsp&/result&
&result name="invalid.token"&/tokenFail.jsp&/result&
&interceptor-ref name="token"&&/interceptor-ref&
&interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"&&/interceptor-ref&
&/package&
一旦定义了自己的拦截器，将其配置到 action上后，我们需要在action的最后加上默认的拦截器栈：defaultStack。
项目源包 ：
定义拦截器时可以直接继承AbstractInterceptor 抽象类（该类实现了 Interceptor 接口，并且对 init 和 destroy 方法进行了空实现） ，然后实现其抽象方法 intercept即可；
方法过滤拦截器（可以对指定方法进行拦截的拦截器）；
在方法过滤拦截器中，如果既没有指定 includeMethods 参数，也没有指定execludeMethods 参数，那么所有的方法都会被拦截，也就是说所有的方法都被认为是 includeMethods 的；如果仅仅指定了 includeMethods，那么只会拦截 includeMethods 中的方法，没有包含在includeMethods 中的方法就不会被拦截。
TheInterceptor2.java
package com.vvvv.
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionI
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractI
class TheInterceptor2 extends AbstractInterceptor
public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception
System.out.println("interceptor before...");
System.out.println("interceptor2: " + invocation.getAction().getClass());
String result = invocation.invoke();
System.out.println("interceptor after...");
struts.xml
&interceptors&
&interceptor name="theInterceptor1" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.TheInterceptor1"&
&param name="test"&vvvv&/param&
&/interceptor&
&interceptor name="theInterceptor2" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.TheInterceptor2"&
&/interceptor&
&interceptor name="theInterceptor3" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.TheInterceptor3"&
&/interceptor&
&interceptor name="loginInterceptor" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"&
&/interceptor&
&/interceptors&
&action name="action1" class="com.vvvv.struts2.Action1" method="myExecute"&
&result name="success" type="chain"&
&param name="actionName"&action2&/param&
&param name="username"&${username}&/param&
&param name="password"&${password}&/param&
&param name="usernameAndPassword"&${usernameAndPassword}&/param&
&interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor1"&&/interceptor-ref&
&interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor2"&&/interceptor-ref&
&!-- 方法过滤拦截器 --&
&interceptor-ref name="theInterceptor3"&
&param name="includeMethods"&execute, myExecute&/param&
&!-- 不包含以下拦截器，使其不执行 --&&!--
&param name="excludeMethods"&myExecute&/param&
&/interceptor-ref&
&interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"&&/interceptor-ref&
TheInterceptor3
package com.vvvv.
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionI
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterI
import com.vvvv.listener.TheL
TheInterceptor3
extends MethodFilterInterceptor
protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception
invocation.addPreResultListener(new TheListener());
System.out.println("before interceptor3");
String result = invocation.invoke();
System.out.println("after interceptor3");
struts.xml
&interceptors&
&interceptor name="theInterceptor1" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.TheInterceptor1"&
&param name="test"&vvvv&/param&
&/interceptor&
&interceptor name="theInterceptor2" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.TheInterceptor2"&
&/interceptor&
&interceptor name="theInterceptor3" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.TheInterceptor3"&
&/interceptor&
&!-- 配置login拦截器 --&
&interceptor name="loginInterceptor" class="com.vvvv.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"&
&/interceptor&
&interceptor-stack name="myDefaultInterceptorStack"&
&interceptor-ref name="loginInterceptor"&&/interceptor-ref&
&interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"&&/interceptor-ref&
&/interceptor-stack&
&/interceptors&
&default-interceptor-ref name="myDefaultInterceptorStack"&&/default-interceptor-ref&
&global-results&
&result name="usernameInvalid"&/usernameInvalid.jsp&/result&
&result name="passwordInvalid"&/passwordInvalid.jsp&/result&
&result name="login"&/error.jsp&/result&
&/global-results&
&global-exception-mappings&
&exception-mapping result="usernameInvalid" exception="com.vvvv.exception.UsernameException"&&/exception-mapping&
&exception-mapping result="passwordInvalid" exception="com.vvvv.exception.PasswordException"&&/exception-mapping&
&/global-exception-mappings&
&action name="login" class="com.vvvv.struts2.LoginAction"&
&result name="success" type="dispatcher"&/result.jsp&/result&
&result name="input"&/login.jsp&/result&
&action name="login2" class="com.vvvv.struts2.LoginAction2"&
&result name="success"&/result.jsp&/result&
&action name="userAction" class="com.vvvv.struts2.UserAction"&
&result name="success"&/output.jsp&/result&
&action name="userAction2" class="com.vvvv.struts2.UserAction2"&
&result name="success"&/output.jsp&/result&
&action name="register" class="com.vvvv.struts2.RegisterAction" method="myExecute"&
&result name="success"&/registerResult.jsp&/result&
&result name="input"&/register.jsp&/result&
&action name="action1" class="com.vvvv.struts2.Action1" method="myExecute"&
&result name="success" type="chain"&
&param name="actionName"&action2&/param&
&param name="username"&${username}&/param&
&param name="password"&${password}&/param&
&param name="usernameAndPassword"&${usernameAndPassword}&/param&
LoginInterceptor.java
package com.vvvv.
import java.util.M
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.A
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionI
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractI
import com.vvvv.struts2.LoginA
LoginInterceptor
extends AbstractInterceptor
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception
if(LoginAction.class == invocation.getAction().getClass())
return invocation.invoke();
Map map = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();
if(null == map.get("userInfo"))
return Action.LOGIN;
return invocation.invoke();
同时，也可以在一个Struts.xml中有多个package ，例如，可以将前台的Action放到一个package里，将后台的一个package放到另一个包里面。
也可以将配置文件拆分开来，写到多个配置文件中，例如：
&include file="xxx.xml"&&/include&
struts-2.3.1-all.zip\struts-2.3.1\apps\struts2-mailreader.war\WEB-INF\src\java\struts.xml
version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"
&!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"&
name="struts.action.extension"
value="do"
name="struts.devMode"
value="false"
name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation"
value="false"
file="mailreader-default.xml"/&
file="mailreader-support.xml"/&
struts命名空间
package 元素的 abstract 属性表示该包是抽象的，不能直接使用，需要由子包继承才可以使用。struts-default 这个 package 就是abstract的，因此需要我们继承这个包来使用。
package元素的 namespace属性起到命名空间分割的作用。 通常将namespace的属性值定义成页面所在的目录名。
配置struts.xml
&package name="hello" extends="struts-default" namespace="/theNamespace"&
&action name="namespaceAction" class="com.vvvv.struts2.NamespaceAction"&
&result name="success"&output.jsp&/result&
&/package&
NamespaceAction(命名空间)
package com.vvvv.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
class NamespaceAction extends ActionSupport
public String execute() throws Exception
实现文件上传
进行文件上传时，必须将表单的 method属性设为post，将enctype属性设为multipart/form-data。
Struts2在进行文件上传操作时，实际上是通过两个步骤实现的：
1）首先将客户端上传的文件保存到struts.multipart.saveDir键所指定的目录中，如果该键所对应的目录不存在，那么就保存到javax.servlet.context.tempdir 环境变量所指定的目录中。
2）Action中所定义的File类型的成员变量file实际上指向的是临时目录中的临时文件，然后在服务器端通过 IO的方式将临时文件写入到指定的服务器端目录中。
fileUpload.jsp
&form action="fileUpload.action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"&
username: &input type="text" name="username"&&br&
file: &input type="file" name="file"&&br&
&input type="submit" value="submit"&
fileUploadResult.jsp
username: &s:property value="username"/&&br&
name:&s:property value="fileFileName"/&
type:&s:property value="fileContentType"/&
通过servlet实现对文件的上传
UploadServlet.java
package com.vvvv.
import java.io.F
import java.io.IOE
import java.util.L
import javax.servlet.ServletE
import javax.servlet.http.HttpS
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletR
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletR
import mons.fileupload.FileI
import mons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemF
import mons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileU
class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet
void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException
//DiskFileItemFactory创建在内存中保存内容的FileItem实例
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
//得到真实绝对路径
String path = req.getRealPath("/upload");
//把工厂的仓库设置为真实路径
factory.setRepository(new File(path));
//设置阀值
factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 1024);
//创建ServletFileUpload实例
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
//解析HttpServletRequest到List到中
List&FileItem& list = (List&FileItem&)upload.parseRequest(req);
for(FileItem item : list)
//获得表单字段的名字
String name = item.getFieldName();
//判断是否是表单字段
//如果是普通文本域返回 如果不是普通文本域返回false.
if(item.isFormField())
//获得表单字段的值
String value = item.getString();
System.out.println(name + "=" + value);
req.setAttribute(name, value);
String value = item.getName();
int start = value.lastIndexOf("\\");
String fileName = value.substring(start + 1);
req.setAttribute(name, fileName);
item.write(new File(path, fileName));
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(path, fileName));
InputStream is = item.getInputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[400];
int length = 0;
while((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1)
os.write(buffer, 0, length);
is.close();
os.close();
catch(Exception ex)
ex.printStackTrace();
req.getRequestDispatcher("fileUploadResult.jsp").forward(req, resp);
Struts2的配置文件
WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.1.jar/org.apache.struts2/default.properties
### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme
# struts.locale=en_US
struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8
//指定了国际化的默认编码格式
### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
# struts.objectFactory = spring
### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory.
### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default)
struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name
### Used by the DefaultActionMapper
### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do
### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names
### without interfering with static resources.
struts.action.extension=action,,
//指定了表单提交的文件的后缀名
单个文件上传
fileUpload.jsp
&form action="fileUpload.action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"&
username: &input type="text" name="username"&&br&
file: &input type="file" name="file"&&br&
&input type="submit" value="submit"&
fileUploadResult.jsp
username: &s:property value="username"/&&br&
name:&s:property value="fileFileName"/&
type:&s:property value="fileContentType"/&
UploadAction.java
package com.vvvv.struts2;
import java.io.F
import java.io.FileInputS
import java.io.FileOutputS
java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputS
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionC
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
class UploadAction extends ActionSupport
private String username;
private File file;
private String fileFileName;
private String fileContentType;
…………set、get方法…………
public String execute() throws Exception
//文件上传的步骤是：先将上传的文件缓存在struts.multipart.saveDir=xxx指定的目录下，
//然后从xxx目录下，通过输出流将文件上传到服务器指定的目录("/upload")
String root = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRealPath("/upload");
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
System.out.println("path: " + file.getAbsolutePath());
System.out.println("file: " + file.getName());
System.out.println("fileFileName: " + fileFileName);
File destFile = new File(root, fileFileName);
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(destFile);
byte[] buffer = new
byte[400];
int length = 0;
while(-1 != (length = is.read(buffer)))
os.write(buffer, 0, length);
Thread.sleep(1000);
is.close();
os.close();
struts.properties
#定义文件的拓展名
struts.action.extension=action
#指定上传文件的缓存目录
struts.multipart.saveDir=c:/vvvv
#限定上传文件的最大大小
struts.multipart.maxSize=
注：限定上传文件的大小等也可以在struts.xml文件中配置,如下：
&struts&&!-- 限定2M --&
&constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="5242880"&&/constant&
多个文件上传
fileUpload2.jsp
&form action="fileUpload2.action" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"&
username: &input type="text" name="username"&&br&
file: &input type="file" name="file"&&br&
file2: &input type="file" name="file"&&br&
file3: &input type="file" name="file"&&br&
&input type="submit" value="submit"&
fileUploadResult2.jsp
username: &s:property value="username"/&&br&
&s:iterator value="fileFileName" id="f"&
file: &s:property value="#f.toUpperCase()"/&&br&&!-- ognl表达示 --&
&/s:iterator&
UploadAction2.java
package com.vvvv.struts2;
import java.io.F
import java.io.FileInputS
import java.io.FileOutputS
import java.io.InputS
import java.io.OutputS
import java.util.L
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionC
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
class UploadAction2 extends ActionSupport
private String username;
private List&File& file;
private List&String& fileFileName;
private List&String& fileContentType;
…………set、get方法…………
public String execute() throws Exception
for(int i = 0; i & file.size(); i++)
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file.get(i));
String root = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRealPath("/upload");
File destFile = new File(root, fileFileName.get(i));
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(destFile);
byte[] buffer = new
byte[400];
int length = 0;
while(-1 != (length = is.read(buffer)))
os.write(buffer, 0, length);
is.close();
os.close();
struts2文件下载
struts.xml
&/package&
&action name="fileUpload2" class="com.vvvv.struts2.UploadAction2"&
&result name="success"&/fileUploadResult2.jsp&/result&
&action name="downloadFile2" class="com.vvvv.struts2.DownloadAction2"&
&result type="stream"&&!-- 动态的获得文件的名字 --&
&param name="contentDisposition"&filename=${filename}&/param&
&param name="inputName"&downloadFile&/param&
&/package&
downloadFile.jsp
&a href="downloadFile2.action?number=1"&下载文件&/a&
downloadAction2.java
package com.vvvv.struts2;
import java.io.InputS
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionC
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionS
class DownloadAction2 extends ActionSupport
private String filename;
…………get、set方法…………
public InputStream getDownloadFile()
if (1 == number)
//动态的修改文件的名字
this.filename = "中文.txt";
this.filename = new String(this.filename.getBytes("gbk"),
"8859_1");
return ServletActionContext.getServletContext()
.getResourceAsStream("/upload/中文.txt");
this.filename = "CaptureSprite.exe";
return ServletActionContext.getServletContext()
.getResourceAsStream("/upload/CaptureSprite.exe");
catch (Exception ex)
public String execute() throws Exception
基于注解的配置
在项目中引入名为：struts2-convention-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar的jar 包，并删除掉struts.xml
打开struts2-convention-plugi-xxx.jar的结构如下：
编辑LoginAction.java,
package com.vvvv.struts2;
@ParentPackage("struts-default")
@Action(value = "login", results = {
@Result(name = "success", location = "/login.jsp"),
@Result(name = "input", location = "/login.jsp") })
//@InterceptorRef("defaultStack")
//@InterceptorRefs({@InterceptorRef(""), @InterceptorRef("")})
//@ExceptionMappings({@ExceptionMapping(),@E.....})
class LoginAction extends ActionSupport
private String username;
private String password;
private Date date;
private LoginService loginService = new LoginServi
Struts2异步处理xml
项目文件结构
向项目中导入dom4j.jar包
GetXMLAction.java
package com.vvvv.action.
…………get、set方法…………
class GetXMLAction extends ActionSupport
private String name;
public String getName()
void setName(String name)
this.name =
public String execute() throws Exception
//zhang san
People people1 = new People();
people1.setId(1);
people1.setName("zhangsan");
people1.setAge(30);
people1.setAddress("beijing");
People people2 = new People();
people2.setId(2);
people2.setName("lisi");
people2.setAge(50);
people2.setAddress("tianjin");
//创建文档对象
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
//创建根元素
Element rootElement = document.addElement("persons");
rootElement.addComment("This is comment!!");
Element e = rootElement.addElement("person");
Element idElement = e.addElement("id");
Element nameElement = e.addElement("name");
Element ageElement = e.addElement("age");
Element addressElement = e.addElement("address");
if("zhangsan".equals(name))
idElement.setText(people1.getId() + "");
nameElement.setText(people1.getName());
ageElement.setText(people1.getAge() + "");
addressElement.setText(people1.getAddress());
idElement.setText(people2.getId() + "");
nameElement.setText(people2.getName());
ageElement.setText(people2.getAge() + "");
addressElement.setText(people2.getAddress());
//创建ajax响应
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
response.setContentType("text/ charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("cache-control", "no-cache");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding("utf-8");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(out, format);
writer.write(document);
out.flush();
out.close();
People.java
package com.vvvv.action.
class People
private String name;
private String address;
…………get、set方法…………
Struts2异步处理Json
向项目中导入Json插件，struts2-json-plugin-xxx.jar
getJson.jsp
&script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.4.4.js"&&/script&
&script type="text/javascript"&
$(function()
$("#button1").click(function()
$.post("getJsonAction2.action",{name: $("#name").val()},
function(returnedData, status)
var people = returnedD
var id = people.
var name = people.
var age = people.myA
var address = people.
var html = "&table width='60%' border='1' align='center'&&tr&&th&id&/th&&th&name&/th&&th&age&/th&&th&address&/th&&tr align='center'&&td&" + id + "&/td&&td&" + name + "&/td&&td&" + age + "&/td&&td&" + address + "&/td&&/tr&&/table&";
$("#theBody table:eq(0)").remove();
$("#theBody").append(html);
&body id="theBody"&
&select id="name"&
&option value="zhangsan"&zhangsan&/option&
&option value="lisi"&lisi&/option&
&input type="button" value="get json content from server" id="button1"&
GetJsonAction.java
package com.vvvv.action.
…………get、set方法…………
class GetJsonAction extends ActionSupport
private String name;
public String getName()
void setName(String name)
this.name =
public String execute() throws Exception
People people = new People();
people.setId(1);
people.setName(name);
people.setAge(30);
people.setAddress("beijing");
Gson gson = new Gson();
String result = gson.toJson(people);
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
response.setContentType("application/ charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("cache-control", "no-cache");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print(result);
out.flush();
out.close();
GetJsonAction2.java(利用struts2的插件)
package com.vvvv.action.
class GetJsonAction2 extends ActionSupport
private String name;
private String address;
…………get、set方法…………
public String execute() throws Exception
this.id = 1;
this.age = 30;
this.address = "beijing";
注：本文档参考张龙老师的struts2教程
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