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More Details on on Viscosity are to be found in the links below the table
A plate of area "A"
moving under the action of a force "F" with a resulting velocity "V" over a fixed plate
separated by a film of fluid "h" thick.&&
The shear stress on the fluid is "F / A". && For a Newtonian fluid the shear stress is directly
proportional to the velocity gradient in the fluid- "dV /dh" .
= m&. dV /dy
The proportionality constant " m " is the viscosity and has units
( N/m 2) .( m ). ( m / s ) = N . s / m 2...
Dynamic Viscosity
The coherent SI unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal second (Pa s).&& This equates to a Newton second per square metre
(N.s / m 2 ).&&In the cgs unit the poise is the corresponding unit which has dimensions
of dyne seconds per cm 2.&& The centipoise (cP = 10 -2 poise) is the most common
unit used in tables and handbooks.... 1 Pas = 1000. cP.&& The viscosity of water at room temperature
is approximately 1 cP
This is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity and the fluid density r ( kg /cubic m )&&The SI unit of kinematic viscosity
is the m 2 / s.&& The equivalent cgs unit is the stoke (St) which has the unit of
cm 2 / s.&&The unit commonly used is the centistoke(cSt)....... 1 m 2 / s = 10 6 cSt
Absolute Kinematic Viscosity (m 2 / s )
m ( Pa s ) / r (kg / m3 )
Kinematic viscosity (centiStokes)
m (centiPoise)
/ r ( grammes /cubic cm )
For water with a density of about 1000kg/m3 the conversion is simply 1 cST = 1 cP
Viscosity conversion table
Saybolt Universal Viscosity
A method of determining a lubrication fluids viscosity is to measure the rate of
flow of the fluid through a test device.&&The rate is measured in seconds
the greater the number of seconds the more viscous the fluid.&&This viscosity
is seconds t = Saybolt universal Viscosity - seconds.
The dynamic viscosity relates to the Saybolt universal viscosity (t) by the following formula
Viscosity m (Poise)
= (0.00022 .t — 0.18 / t )
SAE Viscosity grading
SAE (Society of automobile engineers )
has allocated numbers for specifying the viscosity of Engine Oils..
The SAE grades 0W through 25W, where W stands for Winter, have a maximum viscosity
specified at low temperatures (—5 through —35癈), to ensure easy starting under
low temperature conditions,
and a minimum viscosity requirement at 100癈 to ensure
satisfactory lubrication at the final operating temperature.&&
The SAE grades 20 through 60 only have limits set at 100癈 as these grades are not
intended for use under low temperature conditions. For marine applications,
monograde oils of SAE 30 or SAE 40 are used because of the steady operating conditions
in a ship's engine room.
On the other hand, automotive oils are normally
formulated with Viscosity Index Improvers (VI Improvers) to provide multigrade performance. &&
VI Improvers are very large molecules, which are chemically made by linking together smaller
molecules in a process called polymerization.&& The resulting products,
called polymers, may have molecular weights 1000 times or more greater than the base
stock molecules. && The use of these special polymers makes it possible to
meet both the low temperature viscosity requirements of the W grades as well as the high
temperature requirements of the non-W grades.&&Thus a SAE 20W 40 has the low temperature
viscosity value of a SAE 20W oil at low temperatures and the high temperature viscosity of a SAE 40 oil
at the higher temperature.
Different tests are completed to establish the viscosities for different operating regimes.&&
Tests are completed for low temperature
Pumping in engines startin
Lubricating the crankshaft bearings at low temperature
Lubricating the engine at normal operating temperatures
(cP)* at Temperature
Pumpability
at—30
at —35
at —25
at— 30
at —20
at —25
at —15
at —20
at —10
at —15
at —5
at —10
ISO Viscosity grading
The ISO 3448 grading system for Industrial Engine Oils simply relates to the midpoint
viscosity of oil in cStokes ( at 40odeg
) as shown in the table below.
Viscosity Grade
Midpoint Viscosity at 40 o C
Kinematic Viscosity Limits( cStoke )
IS VG 2 2,2
IS VG 3 3,2 2,88
IS VG 5 4,6 4,14 5,06
IS VG 7 6,8 6,12 7,48
IS VG 10 10 9,00 11,00
IS VG 15 15
IS VG 22 22 19,8
IS VG 32 32 28,8
IS VG 46 46
IS VG 68 68 61,2 74,8
IS VG 100 100 90,0 110
IS VG 150 150 135 165
IS VG 220 220 198 242
IS VG 320 320
IS VG 460 460 414 506
IS VG 680 680 612 748
IS VG 1000 1000 900 1100
IS VG 1500 1500
Viscosity conversion Chart
Kinematic viscosity (cST) =
Dynamic Viscosity (cP)) / [1000.Density (kg/m3) ]
Table below is based on fluid with a sg = 1 (1000kg/m3)
Centipoise (CPS)
Centistokes
Saybolt Seconds Universal
Millipascal seconds (mPas)
Centipoise (CPS)
Centistokes
Saybolt Seconds Universal
Millipascal seconds (mPas)
Links to Liquid Lubrication
...Very Useful for motorists
...Product Data and information
...Product Data and information
...Lubrication data sheets
... Lubrication Course Notes- Some Useful Calcs
... A very useful article with lots
of information on gear lubrication, Oil Viscosity etc
This Page is being developed
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Last Updated 17/01/2013tgp助手出问题了_百度知道lol网吧奖励系统TGP能有用吗？求懂的大神_百度知道英雄联盟助手熟练度系统
2015新赛季，我们会计算2014赛季每一位召唤师所有使用过的胜场加分，单个英雄可获得最高3000的胜场加成分。
各位小伙伴请放心，我们会对您S4赛季使用过的英雄进行一次胜场加成的补充分计算。
~\(≧▽≦)/~妈妈再也不用担心我的英雄胜场加分少啦！
为了让英雄的熟练度更快匹配玩家的实力。新赛季如果玩家使用低熟练度英雄进行排位赛，胜利后会快速提升该英雄熟练度到一定数值已符合您当前的段位等级哦。
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●英雄熟练度是由LOL官方助手提供的一套评估英雄实力的数值系统，能反映出玩家使用不同英雄的能力。
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在电脑中安装完成后，点击下图打开助手界面。
点击左侧导航 “我的英雄”就可以看到你的所有英雄熟练度了，在使用助手启动游戏后，还可以在每场比赛结束后看到队友
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1、熟练度初值算法介绍
熟练度初值会根据您的过往战绩和表现，再结合英雄本场表现进行综合计算，进而得到一个英雄初始分值。您首次使用英雄只需进行一次排位或匹配对局即可获得熟练度初值
注：针对2014赛季期间未打满10场的英雄，在2015赛季阶段，再进行一场匹配或排位赛即可得到初始分，我们会根据该
英雄的历史表现对初值作一定调整。
2、熟练度变化值算法介绍
① 胜负关系
胜利方会更大概率出现加分，这也是对胜利本身的奖励。
② 对局玩家熟练度水平差异
一场对局中是双方水平差距会决定您熟练度变化的范围，我们遵循预期原则，一场对局中水平偏低的一方如获得胜利将会得到更多的加分，如失败则会得到更少的减分，反之亦然。这么做符合预期，战胜比自己强的对手应获得额外的嘉奖，而输给比自己弱的对手也应获得加重的惩罚。
③ 对局评价分
对局评价分依据对局数据和英雄类型会对玩家单场表现进行打分，结合玩家在对局中水平的预期共同作用变化值。当局对局评价分最高分不一定拿到最大加分，因为带入预期高水平用户理应得到高对局评价，我们更鼓励用户认真对待对局争取超预期得到更高的对局评价，这样更有利于加分。
④ 累积胜场次数
玩家的累积胜场的分数也会分布到每场胜场比赛中作为额外加分。
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