This article was originally posted on , an online resource for web developers, maintained by web developers. I have granted evolt.org the right to use , and they are the only entity with the right to reproduce it.
For those who use characters in their copy that don't normally appear on the keyboard, it's always been a hit-and-miss game of tracking down the ISO character entity and choosing between the named and numeric value.
In fact, so many books on HTML, as well as online resources, have provided the wrong entities for so long, few knew it until the W3C validator started throwing them back as errors.
You can't imagine how many em-dashes I had to find and convert from — to the correct —.
is certainly definitive, but not practical.
It offers no display of how these entities might be rendered, leaving you to copy and paste based on descriptions until you find the right one.
Well, I got sick of guessing, so I took the W3C documentation and turned it into a handy chart for my staff.
Now it sits on our intranet for all to enjoy.
Oh... and here... now... as well.
For those who might not normally use character entities, or who've never heard of , you might not have been exposed to reasons why you would even care about characters not on your keyboard.
I'd suggest you surf over to the A List Apart article .
By the way, if you need to know what browsers support what character entities, just view this page and look for the characters in the tables.
One column shows the character as called by its numeric entity, and one shows it as called by its named entity.
This is the chart for HTML 4.x, but also applies to XHTML 1.x.
Character entity references in HTML 4
The charts below will allow you to copy and paste the appropriate character and numeric entities for your documents.
To be sure a particular browser supports the entities (both named and numeric), simply open your browser to this pages and view the charts.
If the character you want doesn't appear in the target browser, it doesn't work (simple, huh?).
What you'll find below is the copy of the character entity specification from the W3C with my tabled versions of the entities interspersed.
Introduction to character entity references
is an SGML
construct that references a character of the
HTML 4.x, as well as XHTML 1.x, supports several sets of character entity
references:
In accordance with
section 14 of , the set of Latin-1 entities has been extended by
this specification to cover the whole right part of ISO-8859-1 (all code
positions with the high-order bit set), including the already commonly used &, & and &. The names of the entities are taken from
the appendices of SGML (defined in ).
characters may be represented by glyphs in the Adobe font "Symbol".
(e.g., for bidirectional text).
The following sections present the complete lists of character entity
references.
ISO 8859-1
The character entity references in this section produce characters whose
numeric equivalents should already be supported by conforming HTML 2.0 user
agents. Thus, the character entity reference & is a more convenient
form than ÷ for obtaining the division sign (÷).
To support these named entities, user agents need only recognize the entity
names and convert them to characters that lie within the repertoire of .
Character 65533 (FFFD hexadecimal) is the last valid character in UCS-2.
65534 (FFFE hexadecimal) is unassigned and reserved as the byte-swapped version
of ZERO WIDTH NON-BREAKING SPACE for byte-order detection purposes. 65535 (FFFF
hexadecimal) is unassigned.
The list of characters
Character Entity
Numeric Entity
Rendered (Character)
Rendered (Numeric)
non-breaking space
inverted exclamation mark
pound sign
currency sign
broken bar
section sign
copyright sign
feminine ordinal indicator
left-pointing double angle quotation mark
soft hyphen
registered sign
degree sign
plus-minus sign
superscript two
superscript three
acute accent
micro sign
pilcrow sign
middle dot
superscript one
masculine ordinal indicator
right-pointing double angle quotation mark
vulgar fraction one quarter
vulgar fraction one half
vulgar fraction three quarters
inverted question mark
latin capital letter A with grave
latin capital letter A with acute
latin capital letter A with circumflex
latin capital letter A with tilde
latin capital letter A with diaeresis
latin capital letter A with ring above
latin capital letter AE
latin capital letter C with cedilla
latin capital letter E with grave
latin capital letter E with acute
latin capital letter E with circumflex
latin capital letter E with diaeresis
latin capital letter I with grave
latin capital letter I with acute
latin capital letter I with circumflex
latin capital letter I with diaeresis
latin capital letter ETH
latin capital letter N with tilde
latin capital letter O with grave
latin capital letter O with acute
latin capital letter O with circumflex
latin capital letter O with tilde
latin capital letter O with diaeresis
multiplication sign
latin capital letter O with stroke
latin capital letter U with grave
latin capital letter U with acute
latin capital letter U with circumflex
latin capital letter U with diaeresis
latin capital letter Y with acute
latin capital letter THORN
latin small letter sharp s
latin small letter a with grave
latin small letter a with acute
latin small letter a with circumflex
latin small letter a with tilde
latin small letter a with diaeresis
latin small letter a with ring above
latin small letter ae
latin small letter c with cedilla
latin small letter e with grave
latin small letter e with acute
latin small letter e with circumflex
latin small letter e with diaeresis
latin small letter i with grave
latin small letter i with acute
latin small letter i with circumflex
latin small letter i with diaeresis
latin small letter eth
latin small letter n with tilde
latin small letter o with grave
latin small letter o with acute
latin small letter o with circumflex
latin small letter o with tilde
latin small letter o with diaeresis
division sign
latin small letter o with stroke
latin small letter u with grave
latin small letter u with acute
latin small letter u with circumflex
latin small letter u with diaeresis
latin small letter y with acute
latin small letter thorn
latin small letter y with diaeresis
Symbols, Mathematical Symbols, and Greek Letters
The character entity references in this section produce characters that may
be represented by glyphs in the widely available Adobe Symbol font, including
Greek characters, various bracketing symbols, and a selection of mathematical
operators such as gradient, product, and summation symbols.
To support these entities, user agents may support full
other means. Display of glyphs for these characters may be obtained by being
able to display the relevant
characters or
by other means, such as internally mapping the listed entities, numeric
character references, and characters to the appropriate position in some font
that contains the requisite glyphs.
When to use Greek entities. This entity set contains
all the letters used in modern Greek. However, it does not include Greek
punctuation, precomposed accented characters nor the non-spacing accents
(tonos, dialytika) required to compose them. There are no archaic letters,
Coptic-unique letters, or precomposed letters for Polytonic Greek. The entities
defined here are not intended for the representation of modern Greek text and
would not be an effi rather, they are intended for
occasional Greek letters used in technical and mathematical works.
The list of characters
Character Entity
Numeric Entity
Rendered (Character)
Rendered (Numeric)
latin small f with hook
greek capital letter alpha
greek capital letter beta
greek capital letter gamma
greek capital letter delta
greek capital letter epsilon
greek capital letter zeta
greek capital letter eta
greek capital letter theta
greek capital letter iota
greek capital letter kappa
greek capital letter lambda
greek capital letter mu
greek capital letter nu
greek capital letter xi
greek capital letter omicron
greek capital letter pi
greek capital letter rho
greek capital letter sigma
greek capital letter tau
greek capital letter upsilon
greek capital letter phi
greek capital letter chi
greek capital letter psi
greek capital letter omega
greek small letter alpha
greek small letter beta
greek small letter gamma
greek small letter delta
greek small letter epsilon
greek small letter zeta
greek small letter eta
greek small letter theta
greek small letter iota
greek small letter kappa
greek small letter lambda
greek small letter mu
greek small letter nu
greek small letter xi
greek small letter omicron
greek small letter pi
greek small letter rho
greek small letter final sigma
greek small letter sigma
greek small letter tau
greek small letter upsilon
greek small letter phi
greek small letter chi
greek small letter psi
greek small letter omega
greek small letter theta symbol
greek upsilon with hook symbol
greek pi symbol
horizontal ellipsis
primeminutes
double prime
fraction slash
script capital P
blackletter capital I
blackletter capital R
trade mark sign
alef symbol
leftwards arrow
upwards arrow
rightwards arrow
downwards arrow
left right arrow
downwards arrow with corner leftwards
leftwards double arrow
upwards double arrow
rightwards double arrow
downwards double arrow
left right double arrow
partial differential
there exists
element of
not an element of
contains as member
n-ary product
n-ary sumation
minus sign
asterisk operator
square root
proportional to
logical and
logical or
intersection
tilde operator
approximately equal to
almost equal to
not equal to
identical to
less-than or equal to
greater-than or equal to
superset of
not a subset of
subset of or equal to
superset of or equal to
circled plus
circled times
dot operator
left ceiling
right ceiling
left floor
right floor
left-pointing angle bracket
right-pointing angle bracket
black spade suit
black club suit
black heart suit
black diamond suit
Markup-Significant and Internationalization Characters
The character entity references in this section are for escaping
markup-significant characters (these are the same as those in HTML 2.0 and
3.2), for denoting spaces and dashes. Other characters in this section apply to
internationalization issues such as the disambiguation of bidirectional text
(see the section on
for details).
Entities have also been added for the remaining characters occurring in
CP-1252 which do not occur in the HTMLlat1 or HTMLsymbol entity sets. These all
occur in the 128 to 159 range within the CP-1252 charset. These entities permit
the characters to be denoted in a platform-independent manner.
To support these entities, user agents may support full [ISO10646] or use
other means. Display of glyphs for these characters may be obtained by being
able to display the relevant
characters or
by other means, such as internally mapping the listed entities, numeric
character references, and characters to the appropriate position in some font
that contains the requisite glyphs.
The list of characters
Character Entity
Numeric Entity
Rendered (Character)
Rendered (Numeric)
quotation mark
less-than sign
greater-than sign
latin capital ligature OE
latin small ligature oe
latin capital letter S with caron
latin small letter s with caron
latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
modifier letter circumflex accent
small tilde
thin space
zero width non-joiner
zero width joiner
left-to-right mark
right-to-left mark
left single quotation mark
right single quotation mark
single low-9 quotation mark
left double quotation mark
right double quotation mark
double low-9 quotation mark
double dagger
per mille sign
single left-pointing angle quotation mark
single right-pointing angle quotation mark树池石的‍定义与作用_科普知识_中国百科网
树池石的‍定义与作用
    树池石 -‍定义与作用 　　覆盖于树池、花坛等处植物基部土壤表面的硬质颗粒覆盖物。用于抑制该部位杂草生长；减弱土壤侵蚀，保护植物根部免受外力侵害；同时亦可以减少地表水分蒸腾，保持土壤湿润。
Copyright by ；All rights reserved.& HTML字符实体表
HTML字符实体表
附表 2-1&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 拉丁字符
字符实体名
十进制实体
无断行空格
倒置的感叹号
二连续元音分音符
左指双角引符
自由连字符
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 续表
字符实体名
十进制实体
右指双角引符
普通分数四分之一
普通分数二分之一
普通分数四分之三
拉丁抑音大写A
拉丁重音大写A
拉丁长音大写A
拉丁颚化音大写A
拉丁二连续元音大写A
拉丁圈大写A
拉丁大写连字AE
拉丁变音大写C
拉丁抑音大写E
拉丁重音大写E
拉丁长音大写E
拉丁二连元音大写E
拉丁抑音大写I
拉丁重音大写I
拉丁长音大写I
拉丁二连续元音大写I
拉丁大写ETH
拉丁颚化音大写N
拉丁抑音大写O
拉丁重音大写O
拉丁长音大写O
拉丁颚化大写O
拉丁二连续元音大写O
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 续表
字符实体名
十进制实体
拉丁大写删除线O
拉丁抑音大写U
拉丁重音大写U
拉丁长音大写U
拉丁二连续元音大写U
拉丁重音大写Y
拉丁大写THORN
拉丁小写ess-zed
拉丁抑音小写a
拉丁重音小写a
拉丁长音小写a
拉丁颚化音小写a
拉丁二连续元音小写a
拉丁圈小写a
拉丁小写连字ae
拉丁变音小写c
拉丁抑音小写e
拉丁重音小写e
拉丁长音小写e
拉丁连续元音小写e
拉丁抑音小写i
拉丁重音小写i
拉丁长音小写i
拉丁二连元音小写i
拉丁小写eth
拉丁颚化音小写n
拉丁抑音小写o
拉丁重音小写o
拉丁长音小写o
拉丁颚化小写o
拉丁二连续元音小写o
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&续表
字符实体名
十进制实体
拉丁小写删除线o
拉丁抑音小写u
拉丁重音小写u
拉丁长音小写u
拉丁二连续元音小写u
拉丁重音小写y
拉丁小写thorn
拉丁二连元音小写y
附表 2-2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 特殊符号和希腊字母
字符实体名
十进制实体
希腊大写字母alpha
希腊大写字母beta
希腊大写字母gamma
希腊大写字母delta
希腊大写字母epsilon
希腊大写字母zeta
希腊大写字母eta
希腊大写字母theta
希腊大写字母iota
希腊大写字母kappa
希腊大写字母lambda
希腊大写字母mu
希腊大写字母nu
希腊大写字母xi
希腊大写字母omicron
希腊大写字母pi
希腊大写字母rho
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 续表
字符实体名
十进制实体
希腊大写字母sigma
希腊大写字母tau
希腊大写字母upsilon
希腊大写字母phi
希腊大写字母chi
希腊大写字母psi
希腊大写字母omega
希腊小写字母alpha
希腊小写字母beta
希腊小写字母gamma
希腊小写字母delta
希腊小写字母epsilon
希腊小写字母zeta
希腊小写字母eta
希腊小写字母theta
希腊小写字母iota
希腊小写字母kappa
希腊小写字母lambda
希腊小写字母mu
希腊小写字母nu
希腊小写字母xi
希腊小写字母omicron
希腊小写字母pi
希腊小写字母rho
希腊小写字母sigma
希腊小写字母tau
希腊小写字母upsilon
希腊小写字母phi
希腊小写字母chi
希腊小写字母psi
希腊小写字母omega
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 续表
字符实体名
十进制实体
水平三点省略号
黑体大写I、虚数
黑体大写R、实数
回车转折箭头
双向双箭头
空集、直径
元素包含于
星号、相乘
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 续表
字符实体名
十进制实体
逻辑与、楔子
逻辑或、V 形物
否定操作、随着变化、近似于
约等于、渐进于
子集或等于
父集或等于
环绕的加号、矢量和
环绕的乘号、矢量积
倒钉、直角、垂直
纸牌黑桃形状
纸牌梅花形状
纸牌红桃形状
纸牌方块形状
附表 2-3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&特殊字符实体
字符实体名
十进制实体
表示&and &的符号
拉丁大写连字OE
拉丁小写连字oe
拉丁大写元音Y
拉丁小写元音y
拉丁二连续元音大写Y
元音字母附加符号
零宽度无连接
零宽度有连接
左至右标记
右至左标记
右下&9&形单引号
右下&9&形双引号
单左尖括号
单右尖括号
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 续表
字符实体名
十进制实体
声明：未作说明，则本文为原创。转载务必注明出处。HTML中&，&，&等有特殊含义（&，&，用于链接签，&用于转义），不能直接使用。这些符号是不显示在我们最终看到的网页里的，那如果我们希望在网页中显示这些符号，该怎么办呢？
这就要说到HTML转义字符串（Escape Sequence）了。
（Escape Sequence）也称字符实体(Character Entity)。在HTML中，定义转义字符串的原因有两个：第一个原因是像“&”和“&”这类符号已经用来表示HTML标签，因此就不能直接当作文本中的符号来使用。为了在HTML文档中使用这些符号，就需要定义它的转义字符串。当解释程序遇到这类字符串时就把它解释为真实的字符。在输入转义字符串时，要严格遵守字母大小写的规则。第二个原因是，有些字符在ASCII字符集中没有定义，因此需要使用转义字符串来表示。
转义字符串的组成
转义字符串（Escape Sequence），即字符实体（Character Entity）分成三部分：第一部分是一个&符号，英文叫ampersand；第二部分是实体（Entity）名字或者是#加上实体（Entity）编号；第三部分是一个分号。
比如，要显示小于号（&），就可以写 & 或者 < 。
用实体（Entity）名字的好处是比较好理解，一看lt，大概就猜出是less than的意思，但是其劣势在于并不是所有的浏览器都支持最新的Entity名字。而实体(Entity)编号，各种浏览器都能处理。
提示：实体名称（Entity）是区分大小写的。
备注：同一个符号，可以用“实体名称”和“实体编号”两种方式引用，“实体名称”的优势在于便于记忆，但不能保证所有的浏览器都能顺利识别它，而“实体编号”则没有这种担忧，但它实在不方便记忆。
如何显示空格？
通常情况下，HTML会自动截去多余的空格。不管你加多少空格，都被看做一个空格。比如你在两个字之间加了10个空格，HTML会截去9个空格，只保留一个。为了在网页中增加空格，你可以使用&表示空格。
HTML特殊转义字符列表
最常用的字符实体Character Entities
半方大的空白
全方大的空白
不断行的空白格
已注册商标
商标（美国）
ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1)字符集
HTML 4.01 支持 ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) 字符集。
备注：为了方便起见，以下表格中，“实体名称”简称为“名称”，“实体编号”简称为“编号”
数学和希腊字母标志symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters
重要的国际标记markup-significant and internationalization characters
JavaScript转义符
横向跳格 (Ctrl-I)
编程的时候要注意特殊字符的问题，很多运行时出现的问题都是因为特殊字符的出现而引起的。
注意，由于反斜杠本身用作转义符，因此不能直接在脚本中键入一个反斜杠。如果要产生一个反斜杠，必须一起键入两个反斜杠 (\\)。
编码转换（to Unicode）
（程序代码来源于网络）
test = "你好abc"
i&test. i++ )
temp = test.charCodeAt(i).toString(16);
+= "\\u"+ new Array(5-String(temp).length).join("0") +
document.write (str)
Function Unicode(str1)
Dim str,temp
to len(str1)
temp = Hex(AscW(Mid(str1,i,1)))
If len(temp) & 5 Then
temp = right("0000" & temp, 4)
str = str & "\u" & temp
Unicode = str
End Function
Function htmlentities(str)
For i = 1 to Len(str)
char = mid(str, i, 1)
If Ascw(char) & 128 then
htmlentities = htmlentities & "&#" & Ascw(char) & ";"
htmlentities = htmlentities & char
End Function
coldfusion版
function nochaoscode(str)
var new_str = “”;
for(i=1; i lte len(str);i=i+1){
if(asc(mid(str,i,1)) lt 128){
new_str = new_str & mid(str,i,1);
new_str = new_str & “&##” & asc(mid(str,i,1));
return new_
在php中我们可以用mbstring的mb_convert_encoding函数实现这个正向及反向的转化。 如：
mb_convert_encoding ("你好", "HTML-ENTITIES", "gb2312"); //输出：你好
mb_convert_encoding ("你好", "gb2312", "HTML-ENTITIES"); //输出：你好
如果需要对整个页面转化，则只需要在php文件的头部加上这三行代码：
mb_internal_encoding("gb2312"); // 这里的gb2312是你网站原来的编码
mb_http_output("HTML-ENTITIES");
ob_start('mb_output_handler');
阅读(1603)HTML转义字符大全
转自：/character/
最常用的字符实体
Character Entities
半方大的空白
全方大的空白
不断行的空白格
已注册商标
商标（美国）
ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1)字符集
HTML 4.01 支持 ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) 字符集。
备注：为了方便起见，以下表格中，“实体名称”简称为“名称”，“实体编号”简称为“编号”
数学和希腊字母标志
symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters
重要的国际标记
markup-significant and internationalization characters
JavaScript转义符
横向跳格 (Ctrl-I)
编程的时候要注意特殊字符的问题，很多运行时出现的问题都是因为特殊字符的出现而引起的。
注意，由于反斜杠本身用作转义符，因此不能直接在脚本中键入一个反斜杠。如果要产生一个反斜杠，必须一起键入两个反斜杠
编码转换（to Unicode）
（程序代码来源于网络）
&&&& test = "你好abc"
&&&& str = ""
&&&& for( i=0;&&& i&test. i++ )
temp = test.charCodeAt(i).toString(16);
str&&& += "\\u"+ new Array(5-String(temp).length).join("0") +
&&&& document.write (str)
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。