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Page 13 Section C Language items: 1. --This year is important for you, isn’t it?
-- Yes, that’s right. 2. In March I will take part in the games in France. 3. That’s a lot of traveling. 4. I love traveling. 5. I enjoy playing in different countries. 6. When did you start playing basketball.
When I was about 7 years old 7. You have a very exciting life now. 8. It’s very tiring as well. Page 14 Section C Language items: 1. invent basketball 2. at that time 3. at (Springfield) College/University 4. in bad weather 5. the other side’s basket 6. both hands 7. follow the rules
break the rules 8. over a century later 9. more and more people 10. more and more milk 11. more and more beautiful 12. people from all over the world 13. There are rules to follow. 14. Do you know how to score in the game? 15. an indoor game 16. He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. at
1. at: prep “在”(在具体的某一时刻) at six o’clock 在六点钟 at half past seven 在七点半钟 at ten to nine 在八点五十 2. at: prep “在”(在某一小地方) at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at the school 在学校 3. at: prep
在…旁边 at the desk
at the window 4. at: prep “在…进行” at work 正在工作 将下列句子变为反意疑问句 1. This book is expensive, _________ __________? 2. That pen isn’t mine, _________ __________? 3. This bike is red, _________ __________? 4. The car isn’t Mike’s, _________ __________? 5. That jeep is lost, _________ __________? 6. He is fourteen, _________ __________? 7. She isn’t from Japan, _________ __________? 8. His mother is a nurse, _________ __________? 9. Her brother isn’t a policeman, _________ __________?
prep. phr.做后置定语 1. the Olympic Games in 年举行的奥运会 2. the matches in New York在纽约举行的比赛 3. the competition in Paris 在巴黎举行的竞赛 4. the sports meeting next week在下周举行的运动会 5. the parents’ meeting next Friday下周五举行的家长会 6. the cat behind the door 在门后的猫 7. a girl in a red hat 一个戴着红帽子的女孩 8. an old man with long beard一个留着长胡子的老人 9. a boy with a bag on his back一个背着书包的男孩 10. a cat with three legs一只三脚／长着三条腿的猫 a lot of v.ing大量的…
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宁夏高考英语
2013 年高三英语复习资料一、多听老师的，少自作主张 二、多用碎时间，少搞大突击 三、多接触英语，少钻研语法 四、多做高考题，少抠模拟题 五、多攻词汇表，少记课外词 六、多做一般题，少钻研难题 七、多背好语句，少问为什么一、全国新课标卷的试题结构的分析第一批实施课改的四个省份中的宁夏和海南， 2007 年至 2009 年所使用的试题被称为 从 “宁夏、海南卷”，2010 和 2011 年改为“新课标卷”。以 2012 年的全国新课标卷同全国大纲卷 （I）为例进行比较，我们很清楚地看到： ①听力、单选、完形填空、阅读理解以及书面表达的试题两套试卷基本完全一样。 ②全国新课标卷只将了一篇阅读理解题换成了“七选五”。 ③全国新课标卷把短文改错由“每行一错”改为“每行最多两个错误，不限行数”。 ④新课标所增加的语法内容在单选和改错试题中基本无一体现。 由此我们不难看出， 全国新课标卷只是在全国大纲卷 （I） 的基础上变化了 10 分的试题， 这完全是形式上的变化，没有实际意义。二、词汇能力的问题词汇能力是学生所有基本能力中最重要的而且也是最基础的能力。词汇能力在很大程 度上决定着高考的成绩。 1）词汇量的问题。词汇的积累对任何学习英语的人都是不可或缺的。在高考中能拿到 高分的学生一定是在高考试卷中基本做到“零生词”的学生。 实践证明， 新课标所规定的 3500 个单词和短语的要求，对相当多的高三学生来说是一项十分艰难的任务。因此，词汇量的积 累应该列为贯穿于高考复习全过程的首要任务。 实际情况是新课标卷实际单词考察量只是略 高于大纲卷，这是由于每年都有新省份加入而必须保持过渡性、稳定性。但不能因此放松对 词汇记忆的要求，学生的实际词汇水平相对于是考试实际要求的最低 2000 个（基本为原大 纲要求词汇）左右仍有较大差距。 2）“一词多义”的问题。学生在运用英语的过程中，经常会遇到十分眼熟的词，但是看 不懂意思。例如：高考试题中曾经出现 a state-run company，许多同学完全不懂，既不知道 state 的含义，也不知道 run 的含义。“一词多义”的现象是一种语言表达力丰富的标志，也是 我们不可回避的教学重点。 3）构词法知识的问题。一方面构词法知识可以迅速扩充词汇量，是十分实用的工具性 知识；另一方面，高考试题中出现的由一般构词法产生的新词不被视为生词，一般不给汉语 注释。因此，系统地归纳总结构词法知识也是词汇复习的一个必不可少的环节。 4）介词的问题。介词的数量较少，但一些常用介词的含义非常多。在语篇中因为一个 介词而导致整个句子看不懂的事情屡见不鲜。在语言运用的过程中，择机归纳常用介词的含 义，应该列为高三词汇复习的任务之一。三、灵活运用基础语法的能力。-1-可以这样认为，没有扎实的语法功底的学生，就丧失了进一步提高的潜力。因此，系统 而有重点地复习高、初中阶段所学的全部语法知识并且迅速形成在语篇中的应用能力，是高 三复习阶段的重要任务。四、听力命题趋势预测：1.事实细节题。 在听力考试中对事实细节题的考查最多， 常见的设题方式为： 五个 W 一个 H。 10 题左右。 2.推理判断题 2-3 题。 3.主旨大意题 3-4 题。 4.推断对话发生的背景、地点及对话者之间的关系 2-3 题。 5.理解领会对话的观点、态度及意图 2 题。 独白部分(即第十段材料) 可分为四种类型： *人物与故事型；*普通知识型；*社会科学型；*科普知识型。五、近三年高考单项填空题的基本特点知识点覆盖面全、突出语篇，重点考查考生在特定的语境中对语法及词汇知识的运用能力， 体现了综合化和语境化的特征。 （1）重点知识重点考查 近三年来考查的十大项目为： ① 动词时态和语态； ② 动词和动词短语； ③ 非谓语动词； ④ 名词性从句、定语从句及状语从句； ⑤ 代词以及 it 用法； ⑥ 情态动词（虚拟语气） ； ⑦ 交际用语； ⑧ 形容词与副词辨析与比较等级； ⑨ 冠词； ⑩ 介词。 （2）不回避次重点知识 除了上述十大项目外，倒装、省略、固定搭配、连词、句式等 项目高考试卷中也屡见不鲜。 （3）纯记忆性、语法性的题目已基本消失，命题充分体现了语用性、 实用性。 （4）突出了语言的交际功能。六、完型填空命题前瞻趋向1.命题特点：采用“增、省、变、混、惑”等手段来创设误导语境。 2.考查的知识类型：1）纯语法结构类; 2）词语固定搭配类; 3）上下文语境类; 类; 5）逻辑推理类; 6）辨析类; 7）综合类。 （1）完形填空的空格常分为下列四种类型： a.词内项，指设空根据所填单词本身确定答案； b.词间项，指设空根据所填单词前后的单词确定答案； c.句内项指设空根据所填单词所在的句子本身确定答案； d.句间项指设空根据所填单词所在的句子的前后提示确定答案-2-4）情景交际它们之间难度依次递增。近年来高考考查重点越来越趋向后两项，即句内项和句间项， 主要测试考生的阅读能力和综合语言运用能力。 （2）文体选材以记叙文为主、夹叙夹议。 题材为中学生所常见的，内容深刻，有教育等积极向上的意义。综观 2010 年和 2011 年 全国各地近 40 篇完形填空试题，选材多为记叙文或夹叙夹议类的短文。但也有少量的说明 文（2012 年新课标考察了说明文） 。 由此可见：有教育意义的记叙文体或夹叙夹议的文章是高考英语完形填空题选文的主导 方向。 （1）以考查实词为主，无纯粹语法题。 从近年来的高考英语完形填空试题看，语篇层次设空的比例呈现逐年增加的趋势，反映出 “突出语篇”的命题思路。但是不少地方的高考试卷在要求考生注重语篇阅读的同时，也要重 视对单词、短语、以及重要句型的掌握。 （2）大部分解题要从全文出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑作出判断，体现了“突出语篇”的 命题风格。 干扰项设计严密，一般来说，四个选项词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，大多数空都可与 空前或空后文字形成某种搭配关系，或者仅就某一个空白而言，在语法上并不存在错误，对 考生起到了应有的迷惑。 附：完形填空解题口诀 文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。 记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明旨意。 四个选项巧设计，头脑清醒要分清。 填空多是实义词，词类范畴必同一。 确定最佳靠逻辑，字里行间找信息。 十六字诀常品味，突出语境加语法。 相近词义细辨析，原词再现多正确。 复读反思再核实，时间分秒必珍惜！七、七选五1. 通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。 2. 详读段落，在短时间内找出每段写作内容的关键词，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。 3. 定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将 选项填入文中，填写时尤其要注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。 4. 通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点关注逻辑关系和关联结构。 试题特点： 1.从语言方面看：所选文章贴近学生生活，难易适度； 2.从句法上看：涉及了复合句、简单句、否定句、疑问句、倒装句、省略句及替代句等； 3.从语法上看，主要考查了动词（含时态、语态、情态动词、助动词与系动词） 、非谓语动 词（含动词-ing，不定式、过去分词及其各种形式） 、名词与代词（含单复数、主谓一致、所 有格等） 、连词与从句（含三大从句及逻辑关系） 、形容词与副词（含比较级、最高级等） 、 其他（如固定表达、介词等） ； 4.从设错形式看：7+1+1+1 或 6+2+1+1 或 8+1+1，即：多词 1-2 个，少词 1 个，改词 6-8 个， （ 年）正确 1 个； 5.从考点看：包含词法、句法、行文逻辑；实词 7-8 个，虚词 2-3 个； 附：短文改错答题技巧口诀 短文改错要做好, 常见类型应记牢。 名词爱考数与格， 冠词在前“错”、“多”、“少”；-3-动词时态和语态， 非谓语搭配莫错了； 连代形副错一样， 多是故意来混淆； 介词多半考搭配， 多漏误用想周到； 句法涉及到“一致”， 从句多考关系词。 词法句法均未错， 逻辑推理去寻找。 “811” 排列是规律， 回读复查敲定稿。 注：1、“一致”包括主谓一致，数、性、格等的一致。 2、811 常指：8 处错误， 1 处多或少词。 短文改错试题测试点分布走势与改错原则 短文改错:细节性注意点： （1）名词单复数，是否不可数名词，注意前后的修饰词或结构。 （2）动词的时态、语态、第三人称单数、非谓语形式、虚拟、逻辑关系。 （3）介词、副词搭配是否得当。 （4）形容词与副词的形式是否错用、结构是否正确、修饰词是否恰当。 （5）代词的性、数、主宾格。 （6）数词是否准确，是基数词还是序数词。 （7）冠词。 （8）分清简单句、复合句和并列句。 （9）分清是何种复合句。 （10）句与句之间的逻辑关系。 （11）状语从句的连词、时态、虚拟语气。 （12）定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词以及主语与谓语一致关系。 （13）名词性从句中的连词选择、省略、虚拟。 （14）特殊句型。省略、重复与替代。 （15）非谓语动词结构中的主动与被动、一般与完成、逻辑主语、并列与修饰。动词不定式 中的省略问题。 附录：部分重点记忆内容精编 高考完形填空常用近义词总结 动词类： 1“看” look 看的动作/ see 看的结果; watch 观察/observe 为了研究进行的观察; Notice 注 意 catch sight of 看见/ stare 好奇地看/ glare 瞪着看 Glance 瞅见/glimpse 瞥见 see a film watch TV 2“说” tell sth to sb.=tell sb sth 告诉的内容 talk with sb about sth 强调说话者之间的交流 Say sth 诉说的内容 speak in English 说的语言 whisper sth to sb 耳语 Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做 某事 bargain 讨价还价 chat 聊天 repeat 重复 explain 解释 warn 警告 remind 提醒 Discuss 讨论 debate 辩论 figure 指出 declare 宣布 claim 自称 mention 提起 admit 承认 deny 否绝 describe 描述 announce 公布 introduce 介 绍 complain 抱怨 3“叫” cry 哭叫 call 叫 shout 大喊 scream 尖叫 moan 呻吟 sigh 叹气 quarrel 大吵 4“问” ask 询问 interview 采访 express 表达 question 审问 5“答” answer 回答 respond 回应(用其他方式回应) reply 回复 6 “听” listen to 听的动作 hear 听的结果 pick up 收听 overhear 无意听到 7“写” dictate 听写 write sth 写 describe 描写 drop a line 写信 draw 画 take down/write down 写下，记下 8“拿/放” take 拿走 bring 拿来 hold 举着 carry 扛，挑 （无方向性） fetch 拿来拿去 lift-4-举 put 放 lay 铺/放Z pull 拉/push 推 9“抓” take hold of 抓着 seize 紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠 10“打” hit 一次性的打击 beat 不间断的打击 strike 突然的击打/突然想到 blow 吹刮 attack 攻击 11“扔” throw 扔 drop 掉 放弃 错过 fall 倒下无意掉下来 wave 招手 shake 摇 12“送” send 寄送 deliver 递送 give 给 offer 主动给予 see off 给某人送行 13“摸/抱” touch 摸 /fold 折叠 /embrace 拥抱 / hug 抱/hold 握 in one?s arms 14“踢/碰” kick 踢/knock 敲/ tip 轻敲 15“行” walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳 slip 溜 come/go enter 进入 move 搬迁 drive 开车 ride 骑 fly crawl 匍匐前进 16“坐” sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand 站，耸立/ lean 斜靠 17“睡/休息” lie /on one?s back/ on one side/ on one?s stomach stay in bed have a rest take a nap 打盹 be asleep bend turn over 翻身 rest 18“笑” smile 微笑（不出声） laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing 19“哭” cry shed tears 留泪 weep 呜咽地哭 sob 抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying 20“找/查” find 找到 look for 正在找过程 find out 查明 discover/explore 发现/探索 hunt for search for seek / seek for in search of 寻找 Search sb 搜身 search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地 check 检查，核实 examine 考察发现问题/体检 test 检测，检验 inspect 视察 21“穿” put on 动作 wear 穿戴 have on 试穿 be dressed in 穿的状态 make-up 化装 get changed 换衣服 be in red Take off 脱 remove 去除 22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip 吮吸 have a meal have supper toast taste treat sb to 请某人吃 help oneself to 随便吃 23“得” get obtain acquire 获得知识和技能 gain possess 24“失” lose 丢了 be lost /be missing 人错过失踪， 不见 gone 不见 （物） great loss die die off 相继死去 die away 逐渐消失 25“有” have 有 own 是自己的 conquer 征服 occupy 占有=possess 26“无” nothing left the remaining thing disappear be missing /gone 27“增/减” rise / go up /drop 人主动抬价 raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease 28“买/卖” buy purchase afford pay pay off pay for sell on sale bargain Bill / cheque / cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts 29“存在/消失”come into being exist appear survive live show turn up Disappear die die out pass away be out of sight 30“变化” develop improve become grow go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without（ negative adj.） turn + clour change /change into reform 31“认识的过程”feel sense guess suppose wonder doubt know /learn realize Understand remember be familiar with recall recite apply to 32“成功/失败”make it succeed make progress come true realize one?s dream win Lose fail to do failure defeat suffer loss beat turn sth. Into reality 33“努力” try /manage make efforts attempt do ones best do as much as one can to do 34 祝贺 congratulations on sb celebrate observe 庆祝 get together 聚会 35 赞美/批评 praise think highly of / blame sb for sth/ sb is to blame criticize /scold sb. for sth. have a low opinion of sb Speak ill of 36 喜/恶 like love be fond of be keen on be crazy about adore be into prefer enjoy in favor of dislike hate be awful/disgusting ignore turn off-5-37 判断 think believe consider find feel conclude infer doubt 38 到达 arrive at reach return to get to stay in sp visit leave leave for on one?s way to upon one?s arrival on doing sth 39 受伤 hurt injured wound cut kill drown bleed get burnt suffer from suffer a loss 40 损坏 damage destroy ruin break down be broken crash 41 修复 repair rebuild restore fix recover oneself 42 支持/反对 agree disagree accept receive refuse turn down be against elect vote for/ against 43 做饭 cook wash cut chop boil fry steam make mix clean brush cover uncover cooker 44 建议 advise suggest recommend urge propose demand persuade 说服 45 花费 sth/doing sth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford +n/to do sth It +take some time/ money/energy +to do sth sb+ pay+$ for sth. at one?s expense 46 省/存钱 save /save up set aside put away spare no effort/ time 47 参加 take part in join /join in attend compete in/ for/against 48 控告 accuse sb. of charge sb. With 49 救治 help /help out save /rescue sb from sth. Treat 过程 / cure 结果 sb. of sth Aid sb in doing sth / to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth 50 敬佩 admire respect show respect for/to adore envy /be jealousy in honor of 51 逃避 ran away escape from flee hide 52 阻止/禁止 prevent / keep/ stop sb. From doing sth forbid doing sth. Ban prohibit 53 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth solve settle 54 效仿 copy imitate learn from learn 54 爆发/发生 come about happen to take place break out burst out go off explosion 55 安装/装备 fasten fix set equip be armed with 用什么武装 be equipped with 装备有 56 追求 pursuit ran after seek after chase catch up with 赶上 keep up with 跟上 57 想/考虑 think of 考虑/+as 把什么看成 think about 想起 consider think over 仔细考虑 be concerned 担心 be considerate towards sb. 58 打算 plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do 59 似乎/好象 seem appear look like as if as though 60 开办/关闭 open start set up close/close up end close down 名词类“ 1 假期 vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off 2 旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking 3 职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher Conductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard 4 餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin 5 诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one?s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient 6 车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb. 7 身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist-6-8 意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy 9 才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable 10 优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness 11 目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith 12 方式 means method way manner approach 13 身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight 14 图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图 15 文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary 日记 Files form make a list of 16 课堂 class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks 17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony 18 建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommendation 19 气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth 20 交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike give sb. a lift/ride 21 习惯 habit custom get used to regular 有规律的（形容词） practice 惯例（名词） 22 感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense 23 情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow 24 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off 25 运动比赛 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/ 26 衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服， 谓语动词永远是复数， cloth 指布， 为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of 27 事件 incident, accident incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 形容词类 1 人的各种感受 乐 happy delighted to one?s joy pleased amused 悲 sad unhappy painful bitter 平静 calm quiet silent/still peaceful 烦 bother bored be fed up with 震惊 surprised astonished shocked /amazed 怕 in fear be frightened /scared /afraid 失望 desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed 满意 be satisfied with /be content to do 生气 Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage 2 表程度的副词类 narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite accidently/ once in a while occasionally/ once far / by far Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus 易考的近义词组 run/ manage grow/ plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ match Hit/ beat/strike meet/ satisfy touch /feel play /performer Contain/ hold /seat/ fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ do Fall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ account-7-Cause/ reason that?s why/ that?s because because/ since,as/ for Last/ continue keep/ stay/ treat/ cure/ operate separate/ divide Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/range Provide/supply/offer/ give/send 高中英语熟词新义总结 最佳方法：平时的积累。只有积累了一定的“熟词新义”后，才能形成一定的语感，才会在具 体的 语境中快速捕捉单词的准确含义。 所以有必要对高中教材中的词汇进行梳理， 做到查漏补缺， 加强记忆，然后在阅读中去体会，从而力求消化。 为了帮助同学们提高词汇复习效率，我对高中教材部分单词进行了盘点，按照字母的顺序进 行了编排。由于版面的限制，没有列举例句，同学们可以对照教材词汇表学习。 一、 accept 接受，认可(Vt.)；同意，承认(vi.) adapt 使适应；改编 add 增加， 添加（Vt.） 加起来， 增添 ； （vi.） ；补充说（Vt.） amount 数量（n.） ；等于，共计（vi.，与 to 连用） argue 争论,辩论(vi.);主张,说理,说服(Vt.) award 奖,奖品(n.);授奖,给予……金钱(v.) boom 发出隆隆声;(国家地区或行业的) 繁荣,迅速发展 burn 焚烧,烧焦;发出怪味,点(灯) compare 比较,比作(Vt.);比得上,与…匹敌(vi.) consider 考虑;认为;照顾到,考虑到（独立主格结构 considering sth. 或 sth. considered） depend 依靠,依赖;视情况而定 desire 希望, 期望; 请求, 要求(从句用 should 型虚拟语气) equal 等于;比得上,匹敌(Vt.) equip 装配;配备(知识/ 信息/ 事实等) handle 门把手(n. ); 操作,处理(v.) hunt 打猎;猎取;搜寻(vi.) include 包括;计算在内(与 in 连用) introduce 介绍;引进;提出;出台(政策/法规等) measure 测量;为……量尺寸;判断,权衡, 衡量(有 measure sb. / sth against sb. / sth 搭配) owe 欠(钱/ 债务等);归功于，感激;幸亏 于，由于(owing to 的固定形式) perform 表演;(成功地)表现;完成,执行, 进行(尤其指复杂的活动);有……的用途 press 按,压,印;逼迫,迫使（press sb. to do sth.） process 制作,加工(食品);处理(文件/ 数据等);冲洗(照片) pronounce 发音;宣告,断言,宣布(官方意见或决定) publish 出版,发行;发表,刊登;(在报纸或墙壁上)公布,公开 raise 提高;举起;饲养,喂养;唤起(意识);使……产生(情感或反应);筹款 satisfy 使……满意; 满足(要求或欲望等);使……相信（与 of 连用） share 分享,分担；均分,分配；有……共同的特征-8-shoulder 肩膀(n.);肩负,承当(责任或负担)(v.) spread 传播(消息/ 信息等);散布(流言); 涂抹(奶油等);(疾病)传播,蔓延;伸展(四肢);展开(翅膀) strike 击打;(时针)敲响;摩擦;罢工;达成(协议或交易);(灾难)突然袭击(vt.);突然产生(想法或主 意)(vi.) succeed 取得成功;(学业或事业等)表现出色,有作为(vi.);接替,继承(vt.) tie 系;扎(Vt.);与……打成平局(搭配 tie with sb.) touch 接触;感动 treat 对待;治疗;款待;请客(搭配 treat sb.to sth.) unfold 打开;展开;显露;阐明 weigh 称(Vt.);重(若干);权衡,衡量(vi.) 二、 appreciate 感激（宾语不能为人只能为物） ；赏识（宾语可为人） ；鉴赏 attend 出席，参加；上（学） ；去（听课，做礼拜） ；照看；伺候 bend 弯曲； 委屈； 专心于（搭配 bend one?s thought / mind to） charge 要（ 价） (charge sb. some money)；使（充电） ；控告（charge sb. with sth.） ； 攻击；向…跑（常与介词 at / towards / into 连用） comfort 舒适，宽慰（n.） ；使……舒适；安慰（v.） continue 继续；继续说（Vt.） ；继续是（连系动词） digest 消化（食物） ；理解；吸收；领会 fold 折叠；合拢；抱住 gain 获得；增加（体重、速度） intend 打算，想要；意指；专为……提供 （常用被动形式 be intended for） occur 发生，出现；突然使某人想起（occur to sb.） operate 操作；运行（Vt.） ；为……做手术 (vi.后常跟介词 on) prevent 阻止， 防止（ 搭配 prevent ...from） ；预防 promise 许诺；答应（Vt.）（有）前途（连系动词） ； prove 证明，证实；结果是（连系动词） remove 移走，搬动；脱去（衣物） ；去除， 排除（困难或阻力） ；免除（职务） read 阅读，朗读(Vt.)；读懂，看明白；上面写着（vi） settle 结束（争论） ；决定，确定；定居，安家；安Z，安顿；付清，结清（欠账） ；沉淀； 停留 shelter 遮蔽物，庇护所；临时栖身之所 （n.） ；保护，庇护；躲避（v.） shock 使……触电； 使……遭电击；使 ……震惊，使……震惊 threaten 威胁，恐吓； （坏事）可能发生； 波及；预示（危险） value 评价；估价；重视，尊重 三、 advise 建议； 劝告（Vt,） （从句用 should 型虚拟语气） ；提供意见； 商量(vi);通知，告知（从句不用虚拟语气） affect 影响；感动； （疾病）侵袭-9-approach 向……靠近；接近；与……打交道；着手处理 bathe 洗澡；沐浴； （使）浸没 bury 埋葬；掩藏；专心于某事（bury oneself in sth.） circulate （使）循环； （使）流通；流传，传播；散发（布） ；使发行 contribute 捐助（ 金钱、物品等） 贡献 ； （时间、精力）（contribute sth. to）有助于；导致； ； （contribute to sth.）（在团体或活动中） ； 起作用，出力；投（稿） ，撰（稿） defend 捍卫； 保护； 防卫； 为……辩护（辩解） discourage 使泄气，使灰心；阻止，反对 （discourage sb. from doing sth.） employ 雇佣；使用，采用；忙于（be employed (in) doing sth.） engage 使订婚(be engaged to sb.)；雇佣； 使从事；忙于（be engaged in (doing) sth.） experiment 实验（n.） 做实验（experiment with）(v.) ； face 面临；面对；正视（face sb. / be faced with） ；摆在……的面前(sth. face sb.) identify 认出；鉴定(identify sb. / sth. as sth.)；使等同于（identify sth. with sth.） impress 铭刻； 给……极深的印象（ impress sb. with sth.） 使 ； ……感动(sth. impress sb.) match 比赛；火柴（n.） ；匹敌，和……相称（vt.） observe 观察；遵守（规则、制度） ；庆祝（节日） persuade 说服，劝服；使某人相信(persuade sb. of sth.) present 礼物（n.） 在场的； 目前的 ； （adj.） ；赠送；介绍；呈现，出示（v.） read 阅读，读书（Vt.） ；上面写作，有…… 的字样（vi.） ；读懂，弄明白 reflect 反射；反映，表现；反省 relate 与相连（有关） （Vt.） ；理解（vi.与 to 连用） remain 保持，仍然是(连系动词)；剩下 (vi.)； （人）逗留（vi.） retire 退休，退职；撤退，撤离 rise 上升；上涨：起床；起身（rise to one?s feet） switch 开关（n.） ；改变，转变（vi.）(常与 on / off 连用) tip 尖端，末梢；小费；窍门（n.） ；给忠告； 给小费；使倾斜，轻击(v.) undertake 承担；从事；着手做 wipe 擦，揩；清除，消灭(常与 out / away 连用) witness 目击（Vt.） ；为……作证（witness to sb.） 四、 accompanying 陪伴，陪同；伴随，和一起发生 act 行动；扮演；担任（Vt.）起作用，有影响（vi.） adjust 适应(adjust to)；调节，调整；校正， 校准（adjust sth. for sth.）- 10 -base 基地，根据地（n.） ；以……为基础 （base sth. on sth.; be based on） battle 战役， 战斗（n.） 奋斗， 斗争； 竞争，较量（v.） ； fail 失败；未通过； （机器或身体器官）失灵，出毛病； （品质或能力）突然失去 gather 使（ 人） 聚集， 集合； 收获； 收集 （信息）（力量或速度）增加； ； man 男人；人类（n.） ；给…配备人员；操作（v.） mark 作记号；庆祝 rate 评价，估价；评为；为（电影）划分等级；值得，应得 serve 为……服务； 服役； 供职于；为 ……端上食物（常用被动） ； 用作（某用途）(常与介词 as 连用)； 有助于（serve the purpose / interest） spare 抽出，挤出（时间） （spare sb sth.） ； 使免受， 免遭(spare no effort / expense)；饶 恕，h免(spare one?s life)；备用(常用 to spare 作后Z定语) upset 使烦恼，使生气；扰乱，搅乱（ 计划） ；打翻，弄翻 voice 嗓音；发言权（n.） ；发言；表达，吐 露（尤指消极情绪） （v.） 五、 abandon 抛弃，丢弃；舍弃；中止；沉迷于 （abandon oneself to） account 账目； 账户； 描述； 报告（ 名词） ；解释；占据的比例（常与 for 连用） acknowledge 承认；告知(收悉)；确认（收到）（公开的地）就……表示感谢 ； admit 承认（admit doing sth.） ；准许（ 入 场） ；招收（be admitted to / into） adopt 收养；采纳，接受(意见等)；通过，批准 address （在信封或包裹上）写地址；讲话；提出（问题、意见等） advertise 作广告；宣扬；公告，公布（音乐会，赛事等） appeal 吸引，感染；呼吁，恳求，求助；上诉（都与介词 to 连用） approve 批准，核准，认可（Vt.） ；同意，赞许（Vt. approve of sb.doing sth.） assume 假定， 想当然地认为； 摆出，装出；就职，就任 attach 系， 缚； 附属于； 认为…怎么样 (attach importance / significance / value to sth.) blame 受到责备（be to blame for）;归咎于（blame sth. on sb.） calculate 计算，核算；估计，预测，推测 conclude 推断出，推论出；结束；缔结；议定；结束时说 consult 咨询， 求教 （consult sb. About sth.） 与某人商量， ； 征得某人的同意 （consult with sb.） ； 查阅，查找（时间表） cover 覆盖；占地；包括，涉及，处理；报道；支付（费用、开支等） deliver 把某物送到，投递；发表（正式讲话） ；接生（孩子） ；解救 distinguish 区分，辨别；听出，看清，闻出，尝出；表现出（distinguish oneself） figure 认为，估计，揣测；理解，明白，想出（常与 out 连用） go 去，到；进展；衰退，退化；被花费；发出铃声； （讲故事时）说道，讲到；被卖掉 occupy 占用（时间、空间） ；承担，担任 （职务） ；使忙碌（be occupied with sth.） profit 利润（n.） 使……得利， 有利于（v.） ；- 11 -promote 促进，增进；促销，宣传；升职， 提升，晋升；支持，鼓励，提倡艺考生的救命稻草！ 突破 130 分，快速提高 30 分的锦囊妙计！ 6 步搞定任何高考英语阅读真题，一般人不告诉他（她）！2013 吴军高考英语阅读理解 3 天提分秘术众说周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！ 文章看没看懂不重要，关键是要选对！ 高考英语阅读的核心暗示点：词和短语！ 题目（或题干）有暗示，秘笈为你精准导航！ 选项与出题点之间存在逻辑关系，3 天帮您梳理！ 速度比完美更重要，思路比题海要有效！2013 高考英语阅读 3 天提分秘术， 既不是神人的牛 B 押题， 也不是最牛高考班的密卷！ 而是沈阳高分英语家教吴军老师从
年 2700 多篇高考英语阅读真题答案内幕规律 衍生出的迅捷提分秘诀！ 2013 高考英语阅读 3 天提分秘术是纸质的解析讲解类自学教案，而不是如同上大课般 的名师讲座光盘（如高分突破，提分宝典，四步兵法，高频考点等），你可以站着，躺着， 甚至在卫生间里也可以阅读自学！ 立竿见影！以一顶百！9 年来我们在自我独门秘笈的基础上，20%参阅了 132 种全国知 名高考英语教案或资料（如：新东方，张清波，北京四中李俊和，管卫东，提分宝典，高频 考点等） 。但发现很多名师教案与高考提分关联度小，因为相当一部分名师只是把自己在考 研和雅思领域的研究成果生搬硬套到高考英语教学中（讲述的高频词汇严重超纲，甚至是大 学 6 级的） ，而不是深入到 2700 篇历届阅读真题中潜心研究，效果可想而知。还有些重点高 中一线老师，将自己上课用的教案制作成光盘用以贩卖，其实质不过是高频考点和词汇的串 讲，有的甚至用 35%的篇章讲述如何记忆单词，而广告却说是提分秘笈，真是让人遗憾！ 好消息！吴军老师 2012 高考英语 3 天提分秘诀仅释放了其 30%的功力，就达到了 90% 以上的客户满意度，为了配合文科其他科目的上市，2013 年吴军高考英语将释放其 70%的 功力，2013 年高考英语提分速度和幅度将再升一倍，看完下列示例后，还不赶紧抢购呀！目录：- 12 -一、2013 阅读吴军猜题秘术: 备选项高频答案特征 二、2013 阅读吴军暗示点秒杀: 备选项高频答案词 三、擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码 四、阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则 五、阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀 六、阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律2013 阅读吴军猜题秘术: 备选项高频答案特征（10 条秘诀）秘诀一：被动结构是备选项高频答案特征！【2010 辽宁卷 B 篇】I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, '“I?m having a dinner party' means: &I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat.& Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don?t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: &Where are you going?& And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go. But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes.(转折对比,说明前面 New Yorkers 评价是 Self-centred.) Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India. Denmark and N it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's, a well-known department store. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York? A There is a strange mix of people. C. The bill is not fairly shared. B. The restaurants are expensive. D. People have to pay cash63. What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience？ A. Easy-going. B. Self-centred. C. Generous. D. Conservative.【2012 四川卷 E 篇】So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century ― a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.- 13 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature? A. It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979. B. Its change will lead to weather extremes. C. It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990. D. It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.【2012 四川卷 A 篇】The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars?（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A. The change of seasons is easily felt. B. The seasons make the scenes change. C. The weather often changes in the forest. D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.【2012 陕西卷 C 篇】The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55. What can we learn from the text? A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking, D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.【2012 江西卷 D 篇】 those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the For countries into a series of villages．Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet plane fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create- 14 -a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly. Then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airport. People are conveyed like r baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passenger move again to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines. Man, however, is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many p whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. speed controls people? time saved, in work or play, is the important thing―or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.According to Paragraph3, passengers are turning back to modern high-speed trains because_____． A.they pay less for the tickets B.they feel safer during the travel C.they can enjoy higher speed of travel D.they don?t have to waste time being “processed” 75.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Air travel benefits people and industries． B.Train Travel has some advantages over air travel． C.Great changes have taken place in modern travel. D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.2013 阅读吴军暗示点秒杀: 备选项高频答案词（17 项不到 90 个单词）秘诀 9：lead to【2012 浙江卷 C 篇】 First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that________ . A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime 具体!- 15 -(result in, bring about, cause)是选项中答案高频暗示词!B. a small conflict can lead to violence C. students tend to lose their temper easily D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight 具体!【 2011 湖 北 卷 D 篇 】our own generation has access to more nutritious food .more convenient transport .bigger houses, better ears .and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we?ll be. 2) Brilliant advances One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour?s light cost six hours? work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes? work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it?s half second. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65. The candle and lamp example is used to show that A. oil lamps give off more light than candles B. shortening working time brings about a happier life. C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles. D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods. .秘诀 10：Control (handle, deal with )是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012 天津卷 D 篇】 Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don?t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don?t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________. A. seem willing to experience failures in life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely B. possess the ability to predict future life D. have potential to create something new【2012 山东卷 D 篇】 Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it?s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.- 16 -The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus. Samsung says it?s not just something new ― the app connection actually has some practical uses. “If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt. The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money. Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do ―enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines? A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing B. They can be controlled with a smartphone C. They are difficult to operate D. They are sold at a low price秘诀 12：miss(missing) ; lose (lost)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2011 全国新课标卷 A 篇】 There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete (竞争). Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practiced to have a delivery service. Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. 1 took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box? A. He missed the good old days. C. He needed it for his milk bottles. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories. D. He planted flowers in it.【2010 江西卷 A 篇】 Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.- 17 -He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him. With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiously―but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital―and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56. Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier? A. He was riding to school. B. He was listening to a strange sound. C. He was going fishing with his father. D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码方法一：找中心句 第一段首、末句(一段末出现转折) 二段一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定) 尾段首末句, 90%在末句有汉语标注的地方!【2012 全国新课标卷 B 篇】 Honey(蜂蜜)from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest(巢)and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper 一 a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees? nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and- 18 -people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees C. Beekeeping in Africa B. Wax and Honey D. Honey-Lover's Helper表转折和因果处:but,yet, however, instead,today,now,Although,so, therefore,thus, as a result, because(since,as,for), one of the reasons was……, The results are……It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all , their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived . They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog?s legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places. This seemed like money for nothing . There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them . Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time ,the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn?t last long. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers A.worked very hard for centuries C.were poor but somewhat content 【2012 全国新课标 D 篇】 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins &Twinkle, twinkle, little star&。 remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.- 19 -.B.dreamed of having a better life D.lived a different life from their forefathers---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children are easy to remember.【2012 重庆卷 E 篇】 In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren “, John Keynes, economist, rewrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are indeed what other have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is not true of absolute. Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending id decided by the super- iority He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this derive as the only source of demands Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the den almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75.The author of the passage argues that ______. A. absolute needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable C. human desires influence ideas of quality D. relative needs decide most of our spending 【2012 陕西卷 C 篇】 Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物） were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好） quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.- 20 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between A. heart problems and air quality C. heart problems and smoking .B. heart problems and exercising D. heart problems and fatty food写作目的题秘诀 13：广告文体写作目的题一般用 advertise!【2012 重庆卷 B 篇】Top lists are lecturing people on everything from&100 books to read &. Aren't you just tired of being told what to do with your time? Now you have a list to end all lists! Take a look at the following two examples from the list of &101 things not to do&: …… Go to See the Mona Lisa? There must be something about the mysterious(神秘的)smile. The 6 million people who the lady in the Louvre every year can?t all be wrong after all. But they can be quite and standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security read. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds most. So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Tings NOT to Do Before You Die. Visit www.not2dobeforeidie.co.uk and buy the book at a 20％ discount. 63. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To advertise a book C. To comment on popular lists B. To introduce a website D. To recommend tourist activities.写作目的题秘诀 17：一般说明文写作目的题常用 inform!【2012 浙江卷 C 篇】 There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, &64 percent of the teachers reported less physical viole 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves&. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54. The writer?s purpose for writing this article is to_______. A. complain about problems in school education B. teach students different strategies for school life C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools- 21 -D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violenceBut 后面 violence 是重心！写作目的题秘诀 18：新闻报道写作目的题常用 report!【2012 全国 II 卷 D 篇】 ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia - One of the world's most famous fossils (化石) - the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton ( 骨骼 ) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 - will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday. Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital. Addis Ababa is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Service in to U.S. tour. Texas spent four years disscusing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour. Which will start in Houston next September. &Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,&said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum. The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York. Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out. Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils. Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3?-foot-ball ape-man (猿人). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53. The author writes this text mainly to _ A. introduce a few U.S. museums C. discuss the value of an ape-man _. B. describe some research work D. report a coming event阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则秘诀 9：找到信息点后核对选项，发现照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的通常是答案， 有时结合答案特征，发现的更快！Tanni?s enduring success had been part motivation(动机), part preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员) enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race…. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.” ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58. The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _______. （此题容易错选 A ，但正确答案是 C ，怎样避开陷阱？） A. fifty weeks? training C. training almost every day B. being a good sprinter D. part motivation and part preparation阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀- 22 -推论题秘诀 3： 没有中心句（中心词四选项都有） ，尾段也没有核对点，则找出题点核对！【2012 福建卷 B 篇】 At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life，and he obviously knew it. &You may wonder, Sir Percival,?? said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released (免除）from my promise to marry you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much.“ 核对点！ His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet. &No, if we are going to withdraw.(退出）from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine. “Mine?” he said in great surprise. “What reason could I have for withdrawing?? &A reason that is very hard to tell you,& she answered. &There is a change in me. ” His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his head to one side. &What change?& he asked, trying to appear calm. “ When the promise was made two years ago, ” she said, my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person?” “I wish you to understand, “ Laura continued, “that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow mc to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive mc and keep my secret.& ?I will do both those things, “ he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more. &I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage, “ she added quietly. “ No. You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of my life to marry you, “ he said. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61. We can learn from the passage that . 汉语标注处是出题A. Laura had once promised to marry Percival B. Laura's father wished to end her marriage C. Percival had been married to Laura for two years D. Percival asked to be released from the marriage文章取材题秘诀 5：若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC 等提示, 如(XINHUA NET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与 news 有关!【2012 辽宁卷 C 篇】 If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,- 23 -there would be a lot of candles.He?d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It?s nothing personal. Most Americans don?t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesn?t mean that Americans don?t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy（哲学）.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinker?s ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67. The passage is likely to appear in ___________. A. a biography C.a newspaper B. a history paper D. a philosophy textbook文章取材题秘诀 6：文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如 book,可能是书的前言或简 介,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advertisement)!【2010 湖北卷 C 篇】 This brief book is aimed at high school students , but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life. Its formal ,serious style closely matches its content ,a school-masterly book on schooling .The author , W .H . Armstrong ,starts with the basics : reading and writing . In his opinion , reading doesn?t just mean recognizing ea it means taking in the information,digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself .The goal is to bring the information back to life , not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees . Reading and writing cannot be completely separa in fact ,the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the- 24 -text .I?ve seen it again and again ：some-one who can?t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn?t read it at all. Only a third of the book remains after that discussion ,which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages ,math , science and history . He generally handles these topics thoroughly(透彻地) and equally ,except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion(激情) regarding history to his students , that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across .To my disappointment , in this part of the book he ignores the arts .As a matter of fact ,they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do,though the study differs slightly in kind .Although it?s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired ,actually ,learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics. My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s―none of the references(参考文献)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age. These are small points, though, and don?t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66. This passage can be classified as________. A. an advertisement C. a feature story B. a book review D. A news report【2012 北京卷 A 篇】 The Basics of Math―Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing―and completely understandable―field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be- 25 -able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. C. A lesson plan. B. A book review D. An advertisement文体结构题秘诀 4：指定段落有 a man, one man, such as 等信号词时, 结构为举例 (examples).【2012 江西卷 D 篇】 Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72．How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph2? A．By giving instructions． C．By following the order of time． B．By analyzing cause and effect． D．By giving examples．【2012 全国新课标 D 篇】- 26 -One explanation is the law of overlearning , which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as &Twinkle, twinkle, little star& and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the eeneral rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_________. A. presenting research fi