信息化规划
通过咨询项目或年度顾问方式，帮助您架起业务和IT的桥梁，解决业务和IT创新融合、现有系统取舍难、IT架构、建设路径、IT治理、IT支出优化等IT策略问题。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
通过电话，与您交流信息化现状及要解决的管理问题，帮助您确定IT建设的基本思路，回答您在IT规划方面的常见困惑。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
声明：此服务畅享IT不收取任何费用！
如觉满意，可为畅享IT向您的朋友圈进行口碑宣传。
与您签订总包或三方合同，帮您解决业务和IT规划落地走样、IT详细设计缺失、难以寻觅靠谱的技术供应商、多个供应商协调难、维护升级服务保障难等棘手问题。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
供应商选型
为您推荐与企业需求、预算相匹配的靠谱服务商、产品商，解决产品选型没有底、服务商质量难保障的问题。
对需求设计给出建议，对企业准备的需求文件提出评审意见。
通过典型客户参观、专家评价等方式，对您预选择的供应商给出第三方评价。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
声明：此服务畅享IT不收取任何费用！
！如觉满意，可为畅享IT向您的朋友圈进行口碑宣传。
与您签订监理合同，以里程碑专家评审、项目变更协调、风险控制研讨、供应商关系协调、CIO智力网络等为主要服务内容，与甲乙方一起实现上线成功。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
通过电话，交流您IT建设的现状及面临的问题，在IT建设路径、供应商选择、IT项目棘手问题处理等方面提供智力和资源支持。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
声明：此服务畅享IT不收取任何费用！
！如觉满意，可为畅享IT向您的朋友圈进行口碑宣传。
开发维护外包
畅享IT帮助寻找可靠的、性价比高的开发力量，签订外包合同或三方合同，为企业提供可信赖的开发量，为IT供应商解决开发力量不足的问题。
畅享IT帮助寻找靠谱的、性价比高的维护力量，签订外包合同，对客户满意度负责，为客户解决维护运营服务保障难的问题。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
对IT系统、IT项目或IT管理进行评估，出具中立评估报告，解决IT评价难、取舍难的问题。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
企业若对供应商产品或服务不满意，可请畅享IT做案例采访，进行曝光。
拨打400-698-9918
立刻联系您身边的IT顾问，获得专业梳理（节假日不休）
声明：此服务畅享IT不收取任何费用！
！如觉满意，可为畅享IT向您的朋友圈进行口碑宣传。
400-698-9918大数据/云计算（12）
WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING STACK (SAAS, PAAS, IAAS)
Recently, I read an article that Gartner has named Microsoft as a Leader in its 2014 Cloud Infrastructure as a Service&(IaaS)&Magic Quadrant&.
This comes on the heels of Gartner recognizing Microsoft as a Leader in the Enterprise Application Platform as a Service(aPaaS)&market in its&&– making Microsoft the only public cloud vendor to be named a Leader for bothPaaS&and&IaaS. With more than 57 percent of the Fortune 500, including&,&&and&, and startups like&,&&and&&are
discovering the power of “Microsoft Cloud Services”.&.Above
and the fact that we (@MazikGlobal) also have our own solution named&“MazikCloud”; I get this idea of writing a Blog on the “Cloud Computing” because it is a growing misconception (or misunderstanding) among many of us regarding the word “Cloud”
and its different offerings and artifacts. At first we heard about two things, Public Cloud and Private Cloud, that revolutionized the IT Industry and somehow our life living with these changes (earlier, whenever any of our service, say Email, gets down our
IT guys used to say that there is some issue with the Mail Server and now we only hear, “Cloud is Down”). Also, in past few years we are seeing more offering and variations of this “Cloud” thing. Just like the “TCP/IP Stack” which consist of different “Layers”,
Cloud Computing is also defined as a “Stack” and in its “Layer” we get different “Service Offerings / Feature Sets”. As we can describe the whole “TCP/IP Stack” and its artifacts in a single word “Networking”, the same can be done with the “Cloud Computing
Stack” that is “Virtualization” which is the fundamental component of the whole Cloud Stack. Look into the below diagram to have an idea (High-Level) of the three layers of the Cloud Computing:
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is often described as a stack, as a response to the broad range of services built on top of one another under the moniker “Cloud”. The generally accepted definition of Cloud Computing comes from the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), e Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. What this means in plain terms is the ability for end users to utilize parts of bulk resources and that these resources can be acquired quickly and easily. NIST also offers up several
characteristics that it sees as essential for a service to be considered “Cloud”. These cha
On-Demand Self-Service:&The ability for an end user to sign up and receive services without the long delays that have characterized traditional ITBroad Network Access:&Ability to access the service via standard platforms (Desktop, Laptop, Mobile, etc.)Resource Pooling:&Resources are pooled across multiple customersRapid Elasticity:&Capability can scale to cope with demand peaksMeasured Service:&Billing is metered and delivered as a utility service
More than putting and solving puzzles around categorization, we believe that in order to maximize the benefits that Cloud Computing brings, a solution needs to demonstrate these particular characteristics. This is especially true since in recent years there
has been a move by traditional software vendors to market solutions as “Cloud Computing” which are generally accepted to not fall within the definition of true Cloud Computing, a practice known as “Cloud-Washing.” The diagram below depicts the Cloud Computing
stack – it shows three distinct categories within Cloud Computing: Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service and the composition of the each category:In
this&article we look at all three categories in detail however a very simplified way of differentiating these flavors of Cloud Com
SaaS&applications are designed for end-users, delivered over the webPaaS&is the set of tools and services designed to make coding and deploying those applications quick and efficientIaaS&is the hardware and software that powers it all – servers, storage, networks, operating systems
To help understand how these 3 components are related, some have used a tr&By itself, infrastructure isn’t useful – it just sits there waiting for someone to make it productive in solving a particular problem. Imagine the Interstate
transportation system in the U.S. Even with all these roads built, they wouldn’t be useful without cars and trucks to transport people and goods. In this analogy, the roads are the infrastructure and the cars and trucks are the platform that sits on top of
the infrastructure and transports the people and goods. These goods and people might be considered the software and information in the technical realm.&It is important to note that while for illustration purposes this&article draws a clear distinction
between&SaaS,&PaaS&and&IaaS, the differences between these categories of cloud computing, especially&PaaS&and&IaaS, have blurred in recent months and will continue to do so.
Nevertheless, with a general understanding of how these components interact with each other, we will turn our attention in more detail to the top layer of the stack,&SaaS.
Software as a Service
Software as a Service (SaaS) is defined as (by WikiPedia); “…software that is deployed over the internet… With SaaS, a provider licenses an application to customers either as a service on demand, through a subscription, in a “pay-as-you-go” model, or (increasingly)
at no charge when there is opportunity to generate revenue from streams other than the user, such as from advertisement or user list sales”. SaaS is a rapidly growing market as indicated in recent reports that predict ongoing double digit growth. This rapid
growth indicates that SaaS will soon become commonplace within every organization and hence it is important that buyers and users of technology understand what SaaS is and where it is suitable.
Characteristics of SaaS
Like other forms of Cloud Computing, it is important to ensure that solutions sold as SaaS in fact comply with generally accepted definitions of Cloud Computing. Some defining characteristics of SaaS
Web access to commercial softwareSoftware is managed from a central locationSoftware delivered in a “one to many” modelUsers not required to handle software upgrades and patchesApplication Programming Interfaces (APIs) allow for integration between different pieces of software
Where SaaS Makes Sense
Cloud Computing generally, and SaaS in particular, is a rapidly growing method of delivering technology. That said, organizations considering a move to the cloud will want to consider which applications they move to SaaS. As such there are particular solutions
we consider prime candidate for an initial move to SaaS;
“Vanilla” offerings where the solution is largely undifferentiated. A good example of a vanilla offering would include email where many times competitors use the same software precisely
because this fundamental technology is a requirement for doing business, but does not itself confer an competitive advantageApplications where there is significant interplay between the organization and the outside world. For example, email newsletter campaign softwareApplications that have a significant need for web or mobile access. An example would be mobile sales management softwareSoftware that is only to be used for a short term need. An example would be collaboration software for a specific projectSoftware where demand spikes significantly, for example tax or billing software used once a month
SaaS is widely accepted to have been introduced to the business world by the Salesforce Customer Relationship Management (CRM) product. As one of the earliest entrants it is not surprising that CRM is the most popular SaaS application area, however E-mail,
Financial Management, Customer Service and Expense Management have also gotten good uptake via SaaS. Software as a Service may be the best known aspect of Cloud Computing, but developers and organizations all around the world are leveraging Platform as a Service,
which mixes the simplicity of SaaS with the power of IaaS, to great effect.
Platform as a Service
Platform as a Service (PaaS) brings the benefits that SaaS bought for applications, but over to the software development world. PaaS can be defined as a computing platform that allows the creation of web applications quickly and easily and without the complexity
of buying and maintaining the software and infrastructure underneath it. PaaS is analogous to SaaS except that, rather than being software delivered over the web, it is a platform for the creation of software, delivered over the web.
Characteristics of PaaS
There are a number of different takes on what constitutes PaaS but some basic cha
Services to develop, test, deploy, host and maintain applications in the same integrated development environment. All the varying services needed to fulfil the application development
processWeb based user interface creation tools help to create, modify, test and deploy different UI scenariosMulti-tenant architecture where multiple concurrent users utilize the same development applicationBuilt in scalability of deployed software including load balancing and failoverIntegration with web services and databases via common standardsSupport for development team collaboration – some PaaS solutions include project planning and communication toolsTools to handle billing and subscription management
PaaS, which is similar in many ways to Infrastructure as a Service that will be discussed below, is differentiated from IaaS by the addition of value added services and comes in t
A collaborative platform for software development, focused on workflow management regardless of the data source being used for the application. An example of this approach would
be Heroku, a PaaS that utilizes the Ruby on Rails development language and Windows Azure Services.A platform that allows for the creation of software utilizing proprietary data from an application. This sort of PaaS can be seen as a method to create applications with a common
data form or type. An example of this sort of platform would be
which is used almost exclusively to develop applications that work with
Where PaaS Makes Sense
PaaS is especially useful in any situation where multiple developers will be working on a development project or where other external parties need to interact with the development process. As the case study below illustrates, it is proving invaluable for those
who have an existing data source – for example sales information from a customer relationship management tool, and want to create applications which leverage that data. Finally PaaS is useful where developers wish to automate testing and deployment services.
The popularity of agile software development, a group of software development methodologies based on iterative and incremental development, will also increase the uptake of PaaS as it eases the difficulties around rapid development and iteration of software.
Some examples of PaaS include Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure Services, and
platform. Utilizing a PaaS development environment has resulted in the creation of these applications being significantly faster than would otherwise be the case.
In some examples, in the absence of PaaS, the cost of developing the application would have been prohibitive.
Infrastructure as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a way of delivering Cloud Computing infrastructure – Servers, Storage, Network and Operating Systems – as an On-Demand Service. Rather than purchasing Servers, Software, Datacenter Space or Network Equipment, clients instead
buy those resources as a fully outsourced service on demand. Within IaaS, there are some sub-categories that are worth noting. Generally IaaS can be obtained as Public or Private Infrastructure or a combination of the two. “Public Cloud” is considered infrastructure
that consists of shared resources, deployed on a self-service basis over the Internet. By contrast, “Private Cloud” is infrastructure that emulates some of Cloud Computing features, like virtualization, but does so on a Private Network. Additionally, some
hosting providers are beginning to offer a combination of traditional dedicated hosting alongside Public and/or Private Cloud networks. This combination approach is generally called “Hybrid Cloud”.
Characteristics of IaaS
As with the two previous sections, SaaS and PaaS, IaaS is a rapidly developing field. That said there are some core characteristics which describe what IaaS is. IaaS is generally accepted to compl
Resources are distributed as a serviceAllows for dynamic scalingHas a variable cost, utility pricing modelGenerally includes multiple users on a single piece of hardware
There are a plethora of IaaS providers out there from the largest Cloud players like Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services and Rackspace to more boutique regional players. As mentioned previously, the line between PaaS and IaaS is becoming more blurred as vendors
introduce tools as part of IaaS that help with deployment including the ability to deploy multiple types of clouds.
Where IaaS Makes Sense
IaaS makes sense in a number of situations and these are closely related to the benefits that Cloud Computing bring. Situations that are particularly suitable for Cloud in
Where demand is very volatile – any time there are significant spikes and troughs in terms of demand on the infrastructureFor new organizations without the capital to invest in hardwareWhere the organization is growing rapidly and scaling hardware would be problematicWhere there is pressure on the organization to limit capital expenditure and to move to operating expenditureFor specific line of business, trial or temporary infrastructural needs
Conclusion
Cloud Computing is a term that doesn’t describe a single thing – rather it is a general term that sits over a variety of services from IaaS at the base, through PaaS as a development tool and through to SaaS replacing On-Premise Applications. For organizations
looking to move to Cloud Computing, it is important to understand the different aspects of Cloud Computing and to assess their own situation and decide which types of solutions are appropriate for their unique needs. Cloud Computing is a rapidly accelerating
revolution within IT and will become the default method of IT delivery moving into the future – organizations would be advised to consider their approach towards beginning a move to the clouds sooner, rather than later.
转自：/blog/cloud-computing-stack-saas-paas-iaas/
参考知识库
* 以上用户言论只代表其个人观点，不代表CSDN网站的观点或立场
访问：14593次
排名：千里之外
转载：69篇
(3)(6)(2)(4)(2)(9)(1)(14)(23)(7)平台即服务_百度百科
平台即服务
平台即服务（Platform as a Service，简称PaaS）是一种云计算服务，提供运算平台与解决方案堆栈即服务。
平台即服务简介
在云计算的典型层级中，平台即服务层介于与基础设施即服务之间。平台即服务(Platform as a Service，PaaS)是一种无需下载或安装，即可通过因特网发送操作系统和相关服务的模式。由于平台即服务能够将私人电脑中的资源转移至网络云，所以有时它也被称为“云件”(cloudware)。平台即服务是软件即服务(Software as a Service)的延伸。软件即服务是将部署为托管服务并通过提供给客户。[1]
平台即服务提供用户能将云基础设施部署与创建至客户端，或者借此获得使用编程语言、程序库与服务。用户不需要管理与控制云基础设施，包含网络、服务器、操作系统或存储，但需要控制上层的应用程序部署与应用代管的环境[2]
所谓实际上是指将软件研发的平台作为一种服务，以的模式提交给用户。因此，PaaS也是的一种应用。但是，PaaS的出现可以加快SaaS的发展，尤其是加快SaaS应用的开发速度。之所以能够推进SaaS的发展，主要在于它能够提供企业进行定制化研发的中间件平台，同时涵盖数据库和应用服务器等。PAAS可以提高在Web平台上利用的资源数量。用户或者厂商基于可以快速开发自己所需要的应用和产品。同时，PaaS平台开发的应用能更好地搭建基于SOA架构的企业应用。此外，PAAS对于SaaS运营商来说，可以帮助他进行产品多元化和产品定制化。[3]
平台即服务服务特性
平台即服务可方便实现安全性措施与管理
在一个平台即服务云计算中，一个常见的中间件堆栈是由服务组成的，应用程序可以使用这些服务来确保组件的安全性、连接和移动工作，甚至管理与合作组织的交流。应用程序是在这个堆栈上进行开发的，所以有一个通用的功能集可供使用。这种方法可实现应用程序开发、部署和管理之间的协调并进，从而有助于安全性措施和管理的实现。
这一差异性的最显著影响是，平台即服务几乎总是包括了一个安全性和访问的控制套件，这个套件在所有托管点、数据库服务以及应用程序和组件中都是一致的。虽然在IaaS中也可以提供这样的套件，但是它真的是一个托管在云计算中的内部部署安全和访问管理工具，而不是一个专为解决公共托管特殊风险的云计算工具。
平台即服务的一个不太明显的好处是通用的工作流程和数据库管理方法。开发人员通常会开发适合他们使用的工具。这就意味着，接口、数据库安全性以及加密等等方面在具体实施时都是各不相同的，其中开发者平台提供了多样化的选择。并不会限制操作系统的标识，它有着较少的版本和中间件工具，从而引入不同的方法。[4]
．中国云计算[引用日期]
．维基百科[引用日期]
．ZDNet[引用日期]
．TechTarget[引用日期]