这配置值多少钱?有懂的告诉下谢谢了!!

56被浏览57,686分享邀请回答5547 条评论分享收藏感谢收起15 条评论分享收藏感谢收起Cobbler无人值守安装
来源:本站原创
说在最前面的话
在看Cobbler之前请大家先看一下,了解一下Cobbler的实现原理。但是Cobbler是独立的,不需要先安装Kickstart然后再安装Cobbler,这是写给不了解Kickstart的人看的。
1. Cobbler介绍
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。
1.1 Cobbler集成的服务
PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
1.2 系统环境准备
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS release 6.7 (Final)[root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -r2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64[root@linux-node1 ~]# getenforceDisabled[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables statusiptables: Firewall is not running.[root@linux-node1 ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'10.0.0.7[root@linux-node1 ~]# hostnamelinux-node1.example.com# 配置阿里云的epel源[root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
虚拟机网卡采用NAT模式,不要使用桥接模式,因为稍后我们会搭建DHCP服务器,在同一局域网多个DHCP服务会有冲突。
VMware的NAT模式的dhcp服务也关闭,避免干扰。
2. Cobbler安装配置
2.1 安装Cobbler
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd[root@linux-node1 ~]# rpm -ql cobbler
# 查看安装的文件,下面列出部分。/etc/cobbler
# 配置文件目录/etc/cobbler/settings
# cobbler主配置文件,这个文件是YAML格式,Cobbler是python写的程序。/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
# DHCP服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template
# tftp服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/rsync.template
# rsync服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/iso
# iso模板配置文件目录/etc/cobbler/pxe
# pxe模板文件目录/etc/cobbler/power
# 电源的配置文件目录/etc/cobbler/users.conf
# Web服务授权配置文件/etc/cobbler/users.digest
# 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
# Cobbler模块配置文件/var/lib/cobbler
# Cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler/config
# 配置文件/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts
# 默认存放kickstart文件/var/lib/cobbler/loaders
# 存放的各种引导程序/var/www/cobbler
# 系统安装镜像目录/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
# 导入的系统镜像列表/var/www/cobbler/images
# 导入的系统镜像启动文件/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror
# yum源存储目录/var/log/cobbler
# 日志目录/var/log/cobbler/install.log
# 客户端系统安装日志/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log
# cobbler日志
2.2 配置Cobbler
[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart停止 httpd:
[失败]正在启动 httpd:
[确定][root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd startStarting cobbler daemon:
[确定][root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check
# 检查Cobbler的配置,如果看不到下面的结果,再次执行/etc/init.d/cobblerd restartThe following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.
This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.
Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use themRestart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.# 看着上面的结果,一个一个解决。# 第1、2、6个问题,顺便修改其他功能[root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}
# 备份# server,Cobbler服务器的IP。sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings# next_server,如果用Cobbler管理DHCP,修改本项,作用不解释,看kickstart。sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings# 用Cobbler管理DHCPsed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings# 防止循环装系统,适用于服务器第一启动项是PXE启动。sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings# 设置新装系统的默认root密码123456。下面的命令来源于提示6。random-phrase-here为干扰码,可以自行设定。[root@linux-node1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1" # 第3个问题[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler get-loaders
# 会自动从官网下载[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
# 下载的内容[root@linux-node1 loaders]# lsCOPYING.elilo
COPYING.yaboot
grub-x86_64.efi
READMECOPYING.syslinux
elilo-ia64.efi
grub-x86.efi
pxelinux.0
yaboot# 第4个问题[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsyncdisable = no[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart停止 xinetd:
[确定]正在启动 xinetd:
[确定][root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restartStopping cobbler daemon:
[确定]Starting cobbler daemon:
[确定][root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler checkThe following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
# 和debian系统相关,不需要2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them # fence设备相关,不需要Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
2.3 配置DHCP
# 修改cobbler的dhcp模版,不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件,因为cobbler会覆盖。[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # 仅列出修改过的字段……subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers
option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;
option subnet-mask
255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp
10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;……
2.4 同步cobbler配置
# 同步最新cobbler配置,它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
# 同步所有配置,可以仔细看一下sync做了什么。task started: _204822_synctask started (id=Sync, time=Thu Dec
3 20:48:22 2015)running pre-sync triggerscleaning treesremoving: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultremoving: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/imagescopying bootloaderstrying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -& /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -& /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -& /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -& /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboottrying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -& /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisktrying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -& /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efitrying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -& /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.eficopying distros to tftpbootcopying imagesgenerating PXE configuration filesgenerating PXE menu structurerendering DHCP filesgenerating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confrendering TFTPD filesgenerating /etc/xinetd.d/tftpcleaning link cachesrunning post-sync triggersrunning python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_servicesrunning: dhcpd -t -qreceived on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restartreceived on stdout: 关闭 dhcpd:[确定]正在启动 dhcpd:[确定]received on stderr: running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_trackrunning shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/**** TASK COMPLETE ***# 再看一下dhcp的配置文件。[root@linux-node1 ~]# less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf# ******************************************************************# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Dec
3 12:48:23 2015)# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be# overwritten.# ******************************************************************ddns-update-…………
2.5 开机启动
# 启动相关服务并设置开机启动(可选) 与第二种方法二选一chkconfig httpd onchkconfig xinetd onchkconfig cobblerd onchkconfig dhcpd on/etc/init.d/httpd restart/etc/init.d/xinetd restart/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart# 编写Cobbler相关服务启动脚本(可选)cat &&/etc/init.d/cobbler&&EOF#!/bin/bash# chkconfig: 345 80 90# description:cobblercase \$1 in
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/xinetd start
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start;
/etc/init.d/httpd stop
/etc/init.d/xinetd stop
/etc/init.d/dhcpd stop
/etc/init.d/cobblerd stop;
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart;
/etc/init.d/httpd status
/etc/init.d/xinetd status
/etc/init.d/dhcpd status
/etc/init.d/cobblerd status;
cobbler sync;
echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|restart|status|sync'!"
exit 2;esacEOF# chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler# chkconfig cobbler on
3. Cobbler的命令行管理
3.1 查看命令帮助
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobblerusage=====cobbler |profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file ...
[add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]cobbler |buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink [options|--help][root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help
# 导入镜像Usage: cobbler [options]Options:
-h, --help
show this help message and exit
--arch=ARCH
OS architecture being imported
--breed=BREED
the breed being imported
--os-version=OS_VERSION
the version being imported
--path=PATH
local path or rsync location
--name=NAME
name, ex 'RHEL-5'
--available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
tree is here, don't mirror
--kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
assign this kickstart file
--rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
pass additional flags to rsynccobbler check
核对当前设置是否有问题cobbler list
列出所有的cobbler元素cobbler report
列出元素的详细信息cobbler sync
同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库cobbler distro
查看导入的发行版系统信息cobbler system
查看添加的系统信息cobbler profile
查看配置信息
3.2 导入镜像
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
# 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像。# 导入系统镜像[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --arch=x86_64# --path 镜像路径# --name 为安装源定义一个名字# --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义,本例导入成功后,安装源的唯一标示就是:CentOS-7.1-x86_64,如果重复,系统会提示导入失败。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro list
# 查看镜像列表
CentOS-7.1-x86_64# 镜像存放目录,cobbler会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份,放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-7.1-x86_64目录下。因此/var/www/cobbler目录必须具有足够容纳安装文件的空间。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# lsCentOS-7.1-x86_64
config[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls CentOS-7.1-x86_64/CentOS_BuildTag
RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7EFI
RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7EULA
3.3 指定ks.cfg文件及调整内核参数
# Cobbler的ks.cfg文件存放位置[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# ls
# 自带很多default.ks
install_profiles
sample_autoyast.xml
sample_esxi4.ks
sample_old.seedesxi4-ks.cfg
sample_end.ks(默认使用的ks文件)
sample_esxi5.ks
sample.seedesxi5-ks.cfg
pxerescue.ks
sample_esx4.ks
sample.ks[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# rz
# 上传准备好的ks文件rz waiting to receive.Starting zmodem transfer.
Press Ctrl+C to cancel.Transferring Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg...
0 Errors[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# mv Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg# 在第一次导入系统镜像后,Cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler listdistros:
CentOS-7.1-x86_64profiles:
CentOS-7.1-x86_64systems:repos:images:mgmtclasses:packages:files:# 查看安装镜像文件信息[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64Name
: CentOS-7.1-x86_64Architecture
: x86_64TFTP Boot Files
: redhatComment
: Fetchable Files
: {}Initrd
: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.imgKernel
: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuzKernel Options
: {}Kernel Options (Post Install)
: {}Kickstart Metadata
: {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.1-x86_64'}Management Classes
: []OS Version
: rhel7Owners
: ['admin']Red Hat Management Key
: &&Red Hat Management Server
: &&Template Files
: {}# 查看所有的profile设置[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report# 查看指定的profile设置[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64Name
: CentOS-7.1-x86_64TFTP Boot Files
: {}Comment
: DHCP Tag
: defaultDistribution
: CentOS-7.1-x86_64Enable gPXE?
: 0Enable PXE Menu?
: 1Fetchable Files
: {}Kernel Options
: {}Kernel Options (Post Install)
: {}Kickstart
: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
--&默认ks文件Kickstart Metadata
: {}Management Classes
: []Management Parameters
: &&Name Servers
: []Name Servers Search Path
: []Owners
: ['admin']Parent Profile
: Internal proxy
: Red Hat Management Key
: &&Red Hat Management Server
: []Server Override
: &&Template Files
: {}Virt Auto Boot
: 1Virt Bridge
: xenbr0Virt CPUs
: 1Virt Disk Driver Type
: rawVirt File Size(GB)
: 5Virt Path
: Virt RAM (MB)
: 512Virt Type
: kvm# 编辑profile,修改关联的ks文件[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg# 修改安装系统的内核参数,在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了,就是网卡名变成eno这种形式,但是为了运维标准化,我们需要将它变成我们常用的eth0,因此使用下面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步骤,CentOS6不需要。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64Name
: CentOS-7.1-x86_64TFTP Boot Files
: {}Comment
: DHCP Tag
: defaultDistribution
: CentOS-7.1-x86_64Enable gPXE?
: 0Enable PXE Menu?
: 1Fetchable Files
: {}Kernel Options
: {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}Kernel Options (Post Install)
: {}Kickstart
: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfgKickstart Metadata
: {}Management Classes
: []Management Parameters
: &&Name Servers
: []Name Servers Search Path
: []Owners
: ['admin']Parent Profile
: Internal proxy
: Red Hat Management Key
: &&Red Hat Management Server
: []Server Override
: &&Template Files
: {}Virt Auto Boot
: 1Virt Bridge
: xenbr0Virt CPUs
: 1Virt Disk Driver Type
: rawVirt File Size(GB)
: 5Virt Path
: Virt RAM (MB)
: 512Virt Type
: kvm# 每次修改完都要同步一次[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
3.4 安装系统
可以很愉快的告诉你到这里就可以安装系统了!
新建一台虚拟机,不解释,开机就可以看到下面的图片了!
** 有没有发现不美观的地方?**
网址不是我的!改!
#修改Cobbler提示[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.templateMENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.zyops.com[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync # 修改配置都要同步
OK,现在好看多了。选择第二项就可以继续装机了。你可以让系统飞着,然后接着看下文!!
4. ks.cfg文件简析
文件大部分参数含义见kickstart文章,此处只讲一些不同的地方。同时可以参考模板文件。
[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.1 by yao zhanginstallurl --url=$tree
# 这些$开头的变量都是调用配置文件里的值。textlang en_US.UTF-8keyboard uszerombrbootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"# Network information$SNIPPET('network_config')timezone --utc Asia/Shanghaiauthconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512rootpw
--iscrypted $default_password_cryptedclearpart --all --initlabelpart /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024
# CentOS7系统磁盘默认格式xfspart swap --size 1024part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --growfirstboot --disableselinux --disabledfirewall --disabledlogging --level=inforeboot%pre$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')# Enable installation monitoring$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')%end%packages@base@compat-libraries@debugging@developmenttreenmapsysstatlrzszdos2unixtelnetiptrafncurses-developenssl-develzlib-develOpenIPMI-toolsscreen%end%postsystemctl disable postfix.service%end
5. 定制化安装
可能从学习kickstart开始就有人想怎样能够指定某台服务器使用指定ks文件,kickstart实现这功能可能比较复杂,但是Cobbler就很简单了。
区分一台服务器的最简单的方法就是物理MAC地址。
物理服务器的MAC地址在服务器上的标签上写了。
虚拟机的MAC查看
cobbler system add --name=oldboy --mac=00:0C:29:7F:2F:A1 --profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=oldboy.example.com --name-servers="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"# --name 自定义,但不能重复# 查看定义的列表[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler system list
oldboy[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
再次开机安装就不再询问选择了,直接安装。
6. Cobbler的Web管理界面的安装与配置
已经安装cobbler-web软件。
访问网址:http://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web和https://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web
默认用户名:cobbler
默认密码 :cobbler
/etc/cobbler/users.conf
# Web服务授权配置文件/etc/cobbler/users.digest
# 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/users.digestcobbler:Cobbler:a2d6baec0bd# 设置Cobbler web用户登陆密码# 在Cobbler组添加cobbler用户,提示输入2遍密码确认[root@linux-node1 ~]# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobblerChanging password for user cobbler in realm CobblerNew password: 123456Re-type new password:123456[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart停止 httpd:
[确定]正在启动 httpd:
[确定][root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restartStopping cobbler daemon:
[确定]Starting cobbler daemon:
以后就需要用123456这个密码登录了。
接下来的操作就是点点鼠标了。
如无特殊说明,文章均为本站原创,转载请注明出处 转载请注明来源:本文永久链接地址:http://blog.oldboyedu.com/autoinstall-cobbler/
这货来去如风,什么鬼都没留下!!!
发表我的评论
Hi,请填写昵称和邮箱!
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
有人回复时邮件通知我正在加载验证码......
请先拖动验证码到相应位置二季度债券配置价值渐显 选择适合自身债基_公司研究_股城股票二季度债券配置价值渐显 选择适合自身债基 14:54:25发布:股城股票一季度债市演绎了一次“小牛”行情,债基一季度的平均收益率也“逆袭”超越其他类型基金。二季度债市将如何演变?普通投资者又该如何选择合适的债基?对于以上问题,东方基金固收部基金经理黄诺楠认为,二季度债券的配置价值将渐渐凸显,投资者可以选择符合自身风险偏好的债基进行布局。
二季度债市配置价值依旧
【对标准化债券产品的需求可能增强】黄诺楠表示,二季度我国经济整体走势预计将保持平稳,可能在2%的水平上运行。此外,汇率目前升值明显,资本外流压力减小。
就债市供求而言,黄诺楠认为,债券目前的配置价值依然存在。“虽然一季度收益率下行已经削弱了其价值,但一季度并未出现开门红行情,对债券的力度并未大规模涌现。随着资管新规即将落地,对标准化债券产品的需求可能增强。”她说。
此外,新规之下货币基金规模逐渐萎缩,而债券基金或借机迎来发展机遇。黄诺楠认为,一方面,基金公司可以开发出类的债券基金,满足投资者对流动性和稳定性的需求;另一方面,从基金分流出的需求更容易流向特征较为类似的其他已存债基。
黄诺楠说,对未来债市不看好的机构,即使是持有短久期债券,依然可以获得丰厚的票息。而对未来债市看多的机构,则可以大举进军债,获取超额收益。
【选择适合自身的债基】关于二季度债市投资策略,黄诺楠认为,二季度的投资大概率延续一季度的策略,即选择恰当的久期,但会更加倚重止盈及的操作。
她还表示,对普通投资者而言,买债券基金其实是对自己风险偏好的能力和意愿的全方位审视。市场中有各种不同风险收益比的债券基金,投资者依据自身特点,甄选适合自己的非常重要。
“其中的一条规则是:看着你所选择该类债券基金的净值曲线,问自己是否能在看到它时心跳不加速,那这个基金可能就是适合你的。当然,确定好类型后,如何从众多的同类产品中选出一只或几只该类型的债券基金也非常重要。”黄诺楠说。她提醒投资者,同类型债基中,排名不同的基金产品的会有云泥之别,而选择排名靠前、历史业绩优良、回撤幅度相对较小的债券基金产品有助于实现投资者的预期收益。

我要回帖

 

随机推荐