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请换用其他浏览器或者开启对javascript的支持。sky lantern是单机还是网游_百度知道From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A modern Kongming lantern
Yi Peng (Loi Krathong) festival in Tudongkasatan Lanna (Lanna Meditation Retreat Centre), Mae Jo , Thailand
A sky lantern (: ; : ; : tiāndēng), also known as Kongming lantern or Chinese lantern, is a small
made of paper, with an opening at the bottom where a small fire is suspended.
In Asia and elsewhere around the world, sky lanterns have been traditionally made for centuries, to be launched for play or as part of long-established festivities. The name "sky lantern" is a translation of the
name but they have also been referred to as sky candles or fire balloons. However the latter term is also used to refer to
used during .
and , sky lanterns are traditionally made from oiled
frame. The source of hot air may be a small
or fuel cell composed of a waxy
Making sky lanterns in Mexico
The general design is a thin paper shell, which may be from about 30
to a couple of
across, with an opening at the bottom. The opening is usually about 10 to 30 cm wide (even for the largest shells), and is surrounded by a stiff collar that serves to suspend the
source and to keep it away from the walls.
In , sky lanterns are often traditionally made from oiled
frame. They may also be constructed from other lightweight papers. The source of hot air is usually a small
or fuel cell composed of a waxy
material lit and which usually stays lit despite the surrounding air currents. The Thai name is khom loi. Many areas of Asia, however, do not permit sky lanterns because of widespread fire hazards as well as danger to livestock.
In Brazil, , and possibly other
countries, sky lanterns were traditionally made of several patches of thin translucent paper (locally called "silk paper"), in various bright colors, glued together to make a multicolored
shell. A design that was fairly common was two pyramids joined by the base (a , such as the ) sometimes with a
inserted in the middle. Only the smaller models had a full frame made of the slight overpressure of the hot air was sufficient to keep the larger ones inflated, and the frame was reduced to a wire loop around the bottom opening. The "candle" was usually a packet of
tightly wrapped in cloth and bound with wire.
When lit, the
heats the air inside the lantern, thus lowering its density and causing the lantern to rise into the air. The sky lantern is only airborne for as long as the flame stays alight, after which the lantern sinks back to the ground.
According to the
, the Chinese experimented with small
for signaling from as early as the 3rd century BC, during the . Traditionally, however, their invention is attributed to the sage and military strategist
(181–234 AD) whose
was Kongming. He is said to have used a message written on a sky lantern to summon help on an occasion when he was surrounded by enemy troops. For this reason they are still known in China as Kongming lanterns (, , kǒngmíng dēng). (However, some claim that the name actually comes from the lantern's resemblance to the hat Kongming is traditionally shown to be wearing.)[]
Sky lanterns are a possible explanation for some
sightings through the years.
In ancient China, sky lanterns were strategically used in wars. However, later on, non-military applications were employed as they became popular with
at festivals. These lanterns were subsequently incorporated into festivals like the Chinese
holds an annual Lantern Festival in which sky lanterns are released into the night sky with people's wishes written on the lantern.
Release of a sky lantern during Yi Peng near ,
people of northern
use "floating lanterns" (, khom loi) year round, for celebrations and other special occasions. One very important festival in which sky lanterns are used is the Lanna Yi Peng festival, which is held on a full moon of the 2nd month (, Yi Peng) of the Lanna calendar (which coincides with , the traditional festival on the 12th month of the Thai lunar calendar). During the Yi Peng festival, a multitude of lanterns are launched into the air where they resemble large flocks of giant fluorescent jellyfish gracefully floating by through the sky. The most elaborate Yi Peng celebrations can be seen in , the ancient capital of the former Lanna kingdom. The festival is meant as a time to obtain
(, tham bun). In recent times, floating lanterns have become so popular with all Thai people that they have become integrated into the festival in the rest of country.
In addition, people will also decorate their houses, gardens and temples with intricately shaped paper lanterns (, khom fai) of various forms. It is considered good luck to release a sky lantern, and many Thais believe they are symbolic of problems and worries floating away.
Releasing a sky lantern in Mexico.
In , sky lanterns (bal?o in ) were a traditional feature of the
(Festas Juninas) at the end of June. It is claimed that custom was brought to Brazil from
by colonists in the 16th century, and is still strong in Portugal, especially in . The June holidays tradition also includes
and , another C so it is conjectured that these elements may have been brought from China by Portuguese explorers around 1500. The design and customs of Brazilian sky lanterns are modified to suit their festivals.
Frei , using a large scale version of these lanterns, was the first man to fly a
in August 8, 1709, in the hall of the
in Lisbon, Portugal, long before the .
Brazilian sky lanterns were usually made by small groups of chil but adults sometimes joined the effort, especially for the larger and more elaborate balloons. The launching of a large lantern, which could be one or two
across, would usually require the cooperation of several people, to hold the balloon fully stretched until it was fully inflated.
To represent the
season, as part of celebrations sky lanterns are released into the night sky with hopes towards a new year.
Sky lantern litter at 's
national nature reserve
A sky lantern may land when the flame is still alight, making it a . In typical designs, as long as the lantern stays upright the paper will not get hot enough to ignite, but if the balloon is tilted (say, by the wind or by hitting some object), it may catch fire while still in the air. All the paper will usually burn in a few seconds, but the flame source may remain lit until it hits the ground.
After the balloon lands, the leftover thin wire frame will rust away very slowly, remaining a hazard to animals that may swallow it. In 2009 British company Sky Orbs Chinese Lanterns developed lanterns with a bio-degradable fireproof rope in place of metal wire. Many other European manufacturers adopted similar designs. In 2012 the same company released a patented design with fireproof base following reports of fires caused by lanterns.
Sky lanterns have also been alleged to pose a danger to aircraft.
On 1 July 2013 the '' in the
of England, involving 100,000 tonnes of recycling material and causing an estimated six million pounds worth of damage, was started by a sky lantern which landed at a plastics recycling plant in . Images of the lantern starting the fire were captured on CCTV. In response to the fire,
decided to stop selling sky lanterns and recalled their entire stock on 6 July 2013.
Despite their use for centuries, there has been growing concern by some about the potential danger to cause crop or building fires and even harm animals that may eat their remains. Despite the general lack of prevalence some places have banned them for these reasons.
The city of
banned sky lanterns due to their hazards toward aircraft and airspace navigation.
It is illegal to launch a sky lante where use is not illegal, as in , it is necessary to obtain advance permission from local authorities. In , it is illegal to produce, sell, import, or distribute them. In Argentina, Chile, and Colombia it is illegal to launch lanterns, as well as in Spain and Vietnam. In Brazil launching lanterns is an environmental crime, punishable by up to 3 years in jail since 1998.
Retail sale (but not possession and use) of sky lanterns that "rely on an open flame to heat the air inside the lantern" was banned in Australia on 1 February 2011.
Sky Lanterns have also been banned in Kittitas County, Washington due to fire concerns on 20 June 2013.
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(in Portuguese). Folha de S?o Paulo (online). Firefighters have been striving for five days to put out a criminal fire in the Guarulhos region. This time it was a ti but it could have happened to my home, or to yours, dear reader.
Hickman, Leo (). . The Guardian.
(in Portuguese). Folha de S?o Paulo (online). . Only last year the state-owned company recorded at the Guarulhos [=Cumbica] airport 104 incident. In 2008 [...] there were already 17 incidents.
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from the original on .
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