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Bacteriological quality and safety of raw beef from selected outlets in Windhoek (Namibia)
Nkandi, Johannes
Inappropriate slaughtering and retail operations can compromise food safety specifically in densely populated areas like informal markets. The bacteriological quality and prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef samples from the three different outlets (supermarket, butchery and open market) were assessed to determine their safety for human consumption. A total of 138 of beef samples were collected at random from three different outlets. The bacteriological quality of the beef samples were performed using the total plate count and total coliform count method, while standard culture methods were used for Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 isolation and detection. Based on results, the mean total plate count of beef from the open markets, butchery and supermarkets were 3.83 Log CFU/g, 3.90 Log CFU/g and 4.31 Log CFU/g, respectively. The mean TPCs on beef samples from supermarket A, B, C, D, E and F were 4.72, 4.87, 4.38, 4.90, 3.48 and 2.61 Log CFU/g, respectively. The mean TPCs on beef samples from open market X, Y and Z were 4.33, 4.28 and 2.95 Log CFU/g, respectively. The mean coliform count of beef samples from the open markets, butchery and supermarkets were 2.08 Log CFU/g, 1.71 Log CFU/g and 1.31 Log CFU/g, respectively. The mean CCs from supermarket A, B, C, D, E and F were 1.49, 2.80, 0.33, 0.00, 2.74 and 0.93 Log CFU/g, respectively. The mean CCs on beef samples from open market X, Y and Z were 2.59, 2.80 and 0.89 Log CFU/g, respectively. Based on the results, only 25.0 % of beef samples tested for total plate count and 26.4 % of samples tested for total coliform count exceeded the acceptable limit. The overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 on beef samples were 68 (49.3 %) and 8 (5.80 %) respectively. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. on beef samples from the open market 31 (67.4 %), followed by butchery 24 (52.2 %) and lowest prevalence from supermarkets was 13 (28.3 %). The highest prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on beef samples from open markets was 5 (10.9 %), followed by butchery 2 (4.35 %) and supermarkets 1 (2.17 %). The prevalence of Salmonella spp. on beef samples from supermarket A, B, C, D, E and F were 33.0 %, 22.0 %, 0.00 %, 57.0 %, 50.0 % and 20.0 %, respectively. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. on beef from open market X, Y and Z were 75.0 %, 63.0 % and 50.0 %, respectively. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on beef samples from supermarket A, B, C, D, E and F were 0.00 %, 0.00 %, 0.00 %, 0.00 %, 0.00 % and 20.0 %, respectively. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on beef samples were 13.0 %, 0.00 % and 21.0 % from open market X, Y and Z, respectively. A significant correlation (P&0.01) was found between TPC, TCC, Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7. Beef collected from the outlets had low microbial counts and hence fit for human consumption. However, there was presence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 in beef samples from the outlets that can pose serious threat to the consumer and hence, testing may be necessary to avoid foodborne disease outbreaks
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A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science
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请填写产品满意度小儿急性肺炎病原体的分布特点研究--《中外医疗》2018年11期
小儿急性肺炎病原体的分布特点研究
【摘要】：目的分析研究小儿急性肺炎病原体的分布特点。方法随机选取该院2015年2月—例小儿急性肺炎患者,按其年龄不同将其分为婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组与学龄组等4组,每组21例。采集其血清作为检测标本,利用九联检检测法分析患儿急性肺炎病原体的分布特点,观察病原体的检测结果。结果经过检测,所有患儿的病原体阳性率为39.29%,其中各病原体的阳性率分别为MP15.48%、RSV9.52%、IFVB4.76%、ADV3.57%、LPI2.38%、CPN1.19%、IFVA1.19%、PLVS1.19%与QFR0.00%;婴幼儿组主要易病毒感染最为多见,而其他两组患儿则多为支原体感染。结论急性肺炎的病原体分布变化将会随着患儿年龄的增长而发生变化,只有急性准确的检测,才能了解病情,采取相应的应对措施。
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