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municipal wastewater
mangrove biofilter
nutrients removal
functional response
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Claudia Maricusa Agraz-Hernández
Rodolfo Enrique del Río-Rodríguez
Carlos Armando Chan-Keb
Juan Osti-Saenz
Raquel Mu?iz-Salazar
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Open AccessArticle
Diversity 2018, 10(1), 16; doi:
Nutrient Removal Efficiency of Rhizophora mangle (L.) Seedlings Exposed to Experimental Dumping of Municipal Waters
Instituto de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de México, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari #480, Campus 6 de Investigaciones, 24029 San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
Facultad de Ciencia Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustin Melgar s/n entre Juan de la Barrera y Calle 20, Col. Buenavista, 24039 San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
Laboratorio de Epidemiología y Ecología Molecular, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Zertuche y Blvd. de los Lagos s/n. Fracc, Valle Dorado. C.P., 22890 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Received: 23 January 2018 / Revised: 11 March 2018 / Accepted: 12 March 2018 / Published: 15 March 2018
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[3136 KB, uploaded 15 March 2018]
Abstract Mangrove forests are conspicuous components of tropical wetlands that sustain continuous exposure to wastewater discharges commonly of municipal origins. Mangroves can remove nutrients from these waters to fulfill their nutrients demand, although the effects of continuous exposure are unknown. An experimental greenhouse imitating tidal regimes was built to measure the efficiency of mangrove seedlings to incorporate nutrients, growth and above biomass production when exposed to three periodic wastewater discharges. The experiment totaled 112 d. Nutrient removal by the exposed group, such as phosphates, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (97%, 98.35%, 71.05%, 56.57% and 64.36%, respectively) was evident up to the second dumping. By the third dumping, all nutrient concentrations increased in the interstitial water, although significant evidence of removal by the plants was not obtained (p & 0.05). Nutrient concentrations in the control group did not change significantly throughout the experiment (p & 0.05). Treated plants increased two-fold in stem girth when compared to the control (p & 0.05), although control plants averaged higher heights (p & 0.05). Biomass of treated group increased up to 45% against 37% of the control during the duration of the experiment (p & 0.05). We suggest that nutrient removal efficiency of mangroves is linked to the maintenance of oxic conditions in the pore-water because of oxygen transference from their aerial to their subterranean radicular system that facilitates the oxidation of reduced nitrogen compounds and plants uptake. Nevertheless, continuous inflows of wastewater would lead to eutrophication, establishment of anoxic conditions in water and soil, and lessening of nutrient absorption of mangroves.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Agraz-Hernández, C.M.;
del Río-Rodríguez, R.E.;
Chan-Keb, C.A.;
Osti-Saenz, J.;
Mu?iz-Salazar, R.
Nutrient Removal Efficiency of Rhizophora mangle (L.) Seedlings Exposed to Experimental Dumping of Municipal Waters. Diversity 2018, 10, 16.
Agraz-Hernández CM,
del Río-Rodríguez RE,
Chan-Keb CA,
Osti-Saenz J,
Mu?iz-Salazar R.
Nutrient Removal Efficiency of Rhizophora mangle (L.) Seedlings Exposed to Experimental Dumping of Municipal Waters. Diversity. ):16.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Agraz-Hernández, Claudia M.;
del Río-Rodríguez, Rodolfo E.;
Chan-Keb, Carlos A.;
Osti-Saenz, J
Mu?iz-Salazar, Raquel.
2018. "Nutrient Removal Efficiency of Rhizophora mangle (L.) Seedlings Exposed to Experimental Dumping of Municipal Waters." Diversity 10, no. 1: 16.
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V CONTENTS Preface XIII F R E D E R I C K E N G E L S WORKS August 1882-December
August Manuscripts on Early German History 1. On the Early History of the Germans 6 Caesar and Tacitus 6 The First Battles Against Rome 19 Progress Until the Migration Period 33 Note: The German Peoples 44 2. The Frankish Period 58 The Radical Transformation of the Relations of Landownership under the Merovingians and Carolingians 58 The District and Army Structure 71 Note: The Franconian Dialect 81 1883 May 3. Georg Weerth 108 VI Contents June 4. The Book of Revelation 112 5. Preface to the 1883 German Edition of the Manifesto of the Communist Party 118 1884 March 6. Marx and the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (0 April-May 7. The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. In the Light of the Researches by Lewis H. Morgan 129 Preface to the First Edition 131 I. Prehistoric Stages of Culture 134 1. Savagery 134 2. Barbarism 136 II. The Family 139 III. The Iroquois Gens 190 IV. The Grecian Gens 204 V. The Emergence of the Athenian State 213 VI. The Gens and the State in Rome 222 VII. The Gens Among the Celts and Germans 232 VIII. The Formation of the State Among the Germans 245 IX. Barbarism and Civilisation 256 June 8. Introductory Note to the Separate 1884 Edition of Marx's Wage Labour and Capital 277 October 9. Marx and Rodbertus. Preface to the First German Edition of The Poverty of Philosophy by Karl Marx 278 1885 January 10. Real Imperial Russian Privy Dynamiters 292 February 11. England in 1845 and in . Preface to the Third German Edition of The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte by Marx 302 Contents VII July 13. Preface to the Pamphlet Karl Marx Before the CologneJury 304 August 14. To the Editors of the Severny Vestnik 311 October 15. On the History of the Communist League 312 16. The Situation 331 17. To the Editorial Committee of Le Socialiste 333 18. How Not to Translate Marx 335 November 19. On the History of the Prussian Peasants. Introduction to Wilhelm Wolff's Pamphlet The Silesian Milliard 341 1886 20. Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy 353 I 357 II 365 III 374 IV 381 February 21. Appendix to the American Edition of The Condition of the Working Class in England 399 March 22. On the Anniversary of the Paris Commune 406 April 23. A Statement to the Editorial Board of the New Yorker Volkszeitung 408 May 24. On the Strike at a Glass-Works in Lyons 409 VIII Contents October 25. The Political Situation in Europe 410 December 26. Johann Philipp Becker 418 1887 January 27. Preface to the Second Edition of The Housing Question 424 28. The Labor Movement in America. Preface to the American Edition of The Condition of the Working Class in England 434 February 29. Letter to the Organising Committee of the International Festival in Paris 443 March 30. To the Federation of the Centre of the French Workers' Party 445 December 31. Introduction to Sigismund Borkheim's Pamphlet, In Memory of the German Blood-and-Thunder Patriots. 6 32. The Role of Force in History 453 33. Rough Draft of the Preface to The Role of Force in History 511 1888 January 34. Preface to the 1888 English Edition of the Manifesto of the Communist Party 512 February 35. Preface to the Pamphlet Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy 519 April 36. Protection and Free Trade. Preface to the Pamphlet: Karl Marx, Speech on the Question of Free Trade 521 Contents IX 1889 April 37. Letter to the Editors of The Labour Elector 537 May 38. The Ruhr Miners' Strike of
August 39. Possibilist Credentials 542 40. Apropos of the London Dockers' Strike 545 September 41. The Abdication of the Bourgeoisie 546 FROM THE PREPARATORY MATERIALS 1884 1. On the Association of the Future 553 2. On the Peasant War 554 3. On the Decline of Feudalism and the Emergence of National States 556 1886 August 4. Chartist Agitation 566 1888 5. Plan of Chapter Four of the Pamphlet The Role of Force in History 578 6. Plan of the Final Section of Chapter Four of the Pamphlet The Role of Force in History 579 7. Notes on My Journey Through America and Canada 581 8. Impressions...
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Restricted AccessClinical efficacy of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis in the elderly--《Chinese Journal of Multiple Organ Diseases in the Elderly》2016年05期
Clinical efficacy of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis in the elderly
LU Xi;LIU Yu-JGUO Qi;LI Hong-LSHEN Xue-ZQI WLI Chun-BTENG Li-JCHEN LCHANG HDepartment of Orthopedics,Chinese PLA General H
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis in the elderly patients.Methods Thirty-eight elderly patients(14 males and 24 females,at an age of 66.0 ±5.6,ranging from 60 to 72 years) diagnosed of knee osteoarthritis in our department between January 2005 and March 2010 were enrolled in this study.Preoperative examination showed that most of them had pain in the medial joint space while standing and walking,and lateral X-ray of the knee joint suggested medial compartment osteoarthritis.All the patients received unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,and took postoperative rehabilitation.Results The operation time was(45.0 ± 10.2)min,and no blood vessel and nerve damage,no incision infection and complication were observed.All incision acquired phase I healing.All of the patients completed the followed-up of(102.0 ± 12.2) months(71- 133 months),and no death or withdrawal occurred during the period.At the end of follow-up,their Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) score(91.8 ± 17.9 vs 52.6 ± 16.7),visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain(1.8 ±0.9 vs 6.3 ±1.2),varus deformity(4.7° ±0.9° vs 8.9° ±1.6°),and range of motion(129.7° ±36.8° vs 112.6° ±23.5°)were greatly improved when compared with those before operation(P
0.05).Conclusion Fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty achieves good clinical efficacy in the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis in the elderly.
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WANG XAN YSHI TWEN XLIU YJIANG DDepartment of Orthopedics,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical U;[J];西部医学;2017-12
【Co-references】
Chinese Journal Full-text Database
Huang Ye;Department of Joint Reconstructive Surgery,Beijing Jishuitan H;[J];中华关节外科杂志(电子版);2016-05
;[J];中医临床研究;2016-25
LU Xi;LIU Yu-JGUO Qi;LI Hong-LSHEN Xue-ZQI WLI Chun-BTENG Li-JCHEN LCHANG HDepartment of Orthopedics,Chinese PLA General H;[J];中华老年多器官疾病杂志;2016-05
;[J];河北医科大学学报;2015-05
Wu Qichang, Wang Chunyu, Xiao Guang, et al. The 208
Hospital of PLA, Changchun 130062;[J];中国矫形外科杂志;1999-01
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