促进经济增长 英文发展的英文,促进经济增长 英文发展的翻译,怎么用英语

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2015年12月英语六级翻译真题及参考答案
12月19日刚刚考完大学英语六级的同学们,答案都对过了吗?今年的三个翻译题目涉及消除贫困,工业升级和父母的教育观,句子结构不算太难,但一些专有名词的表达如果没有记住,可能就会影响整个语段翻译的流程。考试结束以后,各个机构的真题和答案迅速出炉,我们精选了其中两个版本的翻译参考答案,帮助大家考后提高。
【翻译真题一】
在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中,中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
自20世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来,中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。在未来五年中,中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。
中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步,并在促进经济增长方面作出了不懈努力,这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时,这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。
参考答案:
【沪江网校版】
China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community in the process of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030.
Since the implementation of reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has helped as many as 400 million people out of poverty. In the next five years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in poverty reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection, health care and so on.
China has made remarkable progress in poverty alleviation, and it has made unremitting efforts in promoting economic growth. This will encourage other poor countries to cope with their own development challenges. These countries can learn from China's experience in seeking the path of development with their own characteristics.
【新东方版】
During the process of helping the international community to eradicate extreme poverty before 2030, China is playing an increasingly crucial role.
China has already rid as many as 400 million people of poverty since the implementation of reform and opening up in the late 1970s. In the next 5 years, China will provide other developing countries with assistance with respect to the poverty reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection, health care and so on.
China has achieved significant progress in terms of reducing poverty and made unremitting endeavor with respect to promoting economic growth, which will encourage other poor countries to cope with the challenges in the course of their own development. These nations can learn from the experience of China when seeking development roads with their own traits.
重点词汇:
消除极端贫困 eradicate extreme poverty
医疗保健 health care
减少贫困poverty alleviation
不懈努力unremitting efforts
具有自身特色 with their own characteristics
【翻译真题二】
最近,中国政府决定将其工业升级,中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人,甚至飞机。不久前,中国获得了在印度尼西亚(Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合同;中国还与马来西亚(Malaysia)签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。
中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价,但这确实有助于消除贫困,同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事,值得称赞。下次你去商店时,可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
参考答案:
【沪江网校版】
Recently, the Chinese government decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in the construction of high-speed trains, ocean-going vessels, robots, and even aircrafts. Not long ago, China obtained the contract for construction of a high-speed rail in Indonesia. It has also signed a contract with Malaysia to provide high-speed trains. This proves that people have faith in China-made products.
China-made products are gaining popularity, for which China has paid a price. However, it does contribute to the eradication of poverty and also, in the meantime, provide employment opportunities for people around the world. This is a good deed which is commendable. You may want to take a look at the purchased goods for the name of the producing country next time you go to the store. Most probably the product is made in China.
【新东方版】
A decision has been made recently by Chinese government to upgrade its industrial structure , which now covers the manufacturing of high-speed trains, ocean-going vessels, robots and even airplanes. Not long ago, China won a contract to build a high-speed rail in I another one was signed with Malaysia to provide the latter with
high-speed trains, both proving that Chinese products have gained credibility and are enjoying increasing popularity all around the world.
Cost being paid, Chinese industry dose contribute to eliminating domestic poverty and increasing job opportunities abroad, which deserves praise. The next time you go shopping, check the place of origin of your purchase , which is most probably from China.
重点词汇:
高速列车 high-speed train
远洋船舶 ocean-going vessel
消除贫困 eradication of poverty
【翻译真题三】
在中国,父母总是竭力帮助孩子,甚至为孩子做重要决定,而不管孩子想要什么,因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果,孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班,以增加其被重点学校录取的机会,他们会坚持自己的决定,即使孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国,父母可能会尊重孩子的意见,并在决策时更注重他们的意见。中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而,他们应该向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系。
参考答案:
【沪江网校版】
In China, parents are always trying to help their children. They even help make important decisions regardless of what their children want, because they believe that it is for the good of the children. As a result, the growth and education of the children tend to succumb to the wishes of their parents.
If the parents decide to sign up extra-curricular classes for their children in order to increase their chances of being admitted to key schools, they would stick to their decisions, even if the children simply are not interested in them at all.
However, in the United States, parents are likely to respect the views of the children, and pay more attention to their ideas in decision-making.
It is probably commendable that Chinese parents attach great importance to education. However, when it comes to education, they should learn from American parents on how to balance the relationship between parents and children.
【新东方版】
Parents in China are always trying to help their children, even to make the most important decision for them, regardless of what the children really want, because parents believe it’s all for the benefit of their children. This has led to the result that the children’s growth and education tend to give way to their parents’wishes. Once the parents decide to sign up an afterschool class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a good school, they will stick on their decision, even their children have no interest in it at all.In America, however, parents tend to respect their children, especially when making decisions. Perhaps it is commendable that Chinese parents lay much importance on education, but Chinese parents still need to keep the balance between the parents and children in the perspective of education as the American parents do.
重点词汇:
课外班extra-curricular classes
决策decision-making
(来源:沪江英语,编辑:Helen)
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以经济发展为中心的英文
英文翻译with economic development as the central task&&&& take&&&&economic growth&&&& stand for&&&& ...&&&&make economic development
take economic construction as
...&&&&inter-american centre for economic development&&&&economic promotion and development centre of southeast asia&&&&
economical developm ...&&&&division of economic development&&&&economic develo economic development board (edb)&&&&economic development section&&&&theory of economic development&&&&economic development division&&&&handica(hamper) the economic development&&&&grow into&&&&rate of economic growth&&&&strategyofeconomydevelopment&&&&stimulate economic development&&&& boost
promote economic ...&&&&development of the national economy&&&&environmental economic development&&&&redeveloper&&&&economic
minister of economic development&&&&economic
economic development program&&&&law of economic development
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一堂难忘的英语课1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长,那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言, 我是一个乏味的怪物:一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲,一个还沉湎于语法规则的人, 对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时,才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个 学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她: “欧洲之行如何?” 3 她点了三四下头,绞尽脑汁,苦苦寻找恰当的词语,然后惊呼: “真是,哇! ” 4 没了。 所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、 不完整的语句之中! 我的学生以“哇! ”来表示她的惊叹,我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题,有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分 诸如 their/there/they're 之间的不同,或区别 complimentary 跟 complementary 之间显 而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷,他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责,因为 舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨,他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说,杂货店的指 示牌会把他们引向 stationary (静止处) , 虽然便笺本、 相册、 和笔记本等真正的 stationery (文具用品)并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称 They've just ate。实际上,他们应 该说 They've just eaten。因此,批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程 度制定出更高的标准。可相反,学校只教零星的语法,高级词汇更是少之又少。还有 就是,学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识,因为他们过去也没 接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通,可他们并没把语言的基本框架 ――准确的语法和恰当的词汇――充分地传授给学生。 8 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味,所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注 重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时,他看到一只小鸟 飞得很不稳,就说: “它飞的不稳。 ” (It's flying so unsteady.)我小心翼翼地问: “儿子, 鸟怎么飞?” “有问题吗?我说得不对吗? (Did I say anything incorrectly?) ” 他一头雾水。 “太好了,你说的是 incorrectly 而不是 incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以,要用 unsteadily 来描述鸟飞,而不是 unsteady。 ” 9 Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was. Slowly, I said, &It's a word that tells you something about a verb.& It led to his asking me what a verb was. I explained, &Ve for example, Dad drives the truck. Drive is the verb because it's the thing Dad is doing.& 9 他对我的纠正很好奇,就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道: “副词是用来修饰动词的 词。 ”这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。我解释说: “动词是表示行为的词,例如:爸 爸开卡车。 ‘开’是动词,因为它是爸爸在做的事。 ” 10 He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more: fly, swim, dive, run. Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions. This led to a discussion of nouns, adjectives, and articles. Within the span of a 10-minute drive, he had learned from scratch to the major parts of speech in a sentence. It was painless learning and great fun! 10 他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣,所以我们又罗列了几个动词: “飞行” 、 “游泳” 、 “跳水” 、 “跑步” 。然后,他又好奇地问我,其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的 名称。这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内, 他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有 趣的学习经历。 11 Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map (check grammar) and tune up the car engine (adjust vocabulary). Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with a road map in a well-conditioned car. 11 也许,语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品:我们要常常查看路线图(核对语 法)和调整汽车的引擎(调节词汇) 。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在 车况良好的车里驾驶。 12 The road map provides the framework and guidance you need for your trip, but it won't tell you exactly what trees or flowers you will see, what kind of people you will encounter, or what types of feelings you will be experiencing on your journey. Here, the vocabulary makes the journey's true colors come alive! A good vocabulary enables you to enjoy whatever you see as you drive along. Equipped with grammar and a good vocabulary, you have flexibility and excellent control. While the road map guides your journey to your destination, an excellent vehicle helps you to fully enjoy all of the sights, sounds and experiences along the way. 12 路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南,可是它不会告诉你一路上你究 竟会看见什么树或什么花,你会遇见什么样的人,或会有什么样的感受。这里,词汇 会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点 滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇,你就有了灵活性,掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的 地,而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。 13 Effective, precise, and beneficial communication depends upon grammar and a good vocabulary, the two essential assets for students, but they are not being taught in schools. 13 对学生来说, 有效、 准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件, 可是学校并没有教他们这些。 14 Just this morning, my son and I were eating breakfast when I attempted to add milk to my tea. &Dad,& he said, &If I were you, I wouldn't do that. It's sour.& 14 就在今天早上,我跟儿子吃早饭时,我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。 “爸爸, ”他说, “如 果我是你的话, 我不会这样做。 牛奶会变酸。 (If I were you, I wouldn't do that. It's sour.) ” 15&Oh my!& I said, swelling with pride toward my son, &That's a grammatically perfect sentence. You used were instead of was.&15 “哦, 上帝! ” 我满怀着无比的骄傲说道, “这 是一句语法完全正确的句子。你用了 were 而不是 was。 ” 16 &I know, I know,& he said with a long agreeable sigh. &It's the subjunctive mood.& 16 “我知道,我知道, ”他愉悦地舒了口气, “这是虚拟语气! ” 17 I was, like, whoa! 17 这下轮到我“哇! ”了。中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术,是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法 艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变 发展过程中,一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了 一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等 折射出来,所以,通常有&字如其人&的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝,而 且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。 Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that &seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person&. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art. Unit2 人文学科:过时了吗? 1 当形势变得困难时,强者会去选学会计。当就业市场恶化时,许多学生估算着他们 不能再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。 2 数据显示,随着学生肩负的学费不断增加,他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有 益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。换言之,大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济 而不是提升人类自身的手段。这种趋势可能会持续,甚至有加快之势。 3 在未来几年内, 由于劳动力市场的不景气, 人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。 在上一代大学生中,主修文科的学生数跌幅已近 50%。这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的 想法是合情合理的。人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱,而今在学生们的大学游中却 只是一个小点缀。现在,实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。 4 在这儿,请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。自 古以来,人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大,而使 另一些人走向自我毁灭。几个世纪以来,这股内力被称作很多东西。著名的心理学家 西格蒙德?弗洛伊德称之为“潜意识” ,或更为人熟知的“本能” 。 5 From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or destructive, has captured our imagination. The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of cultures the world over. Historians, architects, authors, philosophers and artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions. These men and women developed artistic &languages& that help us understand these aspirations and also educate generations. This fertile body of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilization, forms the basis of study of the humanities. 5 从一开始,人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力,就令我们心驰神 往。这些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。历史学家、建筑师、 作家、哲学家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的 形式,捕捉到了这些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术 性的“语言” ,帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望,并用以教育一代又一代人。从古时 起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品,正是文明的底蕴,它奠定了人文研究的基础。 6 Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning. We will have a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas! 6 学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。无论我们这一生中从事什么职业,如 果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵,我们都会受益匪浅。如果我们是在办公 室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人,我们会有光明的职业前景。 7 Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process. In an information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player. Yet, very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand: the iPod. Most importantly, studying the humanities invests us with great insight and self-awareness, thereby releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner. 7 学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。在信息经济中,很 多人都有能力创造出一个如新的 MP3 播放器那样的有用产品。然而,仅有很少的人具 有能力创造出一个如 iPod 那样的精彩品牌。最重要的是,学习人文学科使我们具有伟 大的洞察力和自我意识,从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。 8 也许,支持人文学科的最好论点是,人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。你知道世 界闻名的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯?卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗?第一 个登上太空的女宇航员萨利?赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。还有电影演员李小龙、 格温妮丝?帕特洛、蕾妮?齐薇格及马特?达蒙,也都如此。获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗 德?瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科。甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔?艾斯纳也主修人文 学科。学习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串。显而易见,人文学能为我们从 事许多不同的职业做准备,不管是医学、商务、科学或娱乐。如果我们仅学习数学, 我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。如果我们还学了人文学科,那我们就能突破 许多障碍,只要我们愿意付出努力,敢于想象。 9 当然,在当下,如果我们单学人文学科,可能会失去很多机会。我们每个人都需要 尽可能变得技能化、职业化,以满足现代生活的需要。事实上,技术知识和内在洞察 力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某个医学院的招生部主 任,有两个人同时申请我们学校,这两个人都学过基础的科学课程,一个主修哲学, 另一个仅是医学院的预科生,我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者。 10 In summary, the humanities help to create well-rounded human beings with insight and understanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity. The humanities, the ancient timeless reservoir of knowledge, teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons. They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been. Doesn't it make sense to spend some time in the company of the humanities, our outstanding and remarkable treasure of knowledge? Who knows how famous YOU might become! 10 总之,人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人,这些人具有洞察力,并理解全人类共有的 激情、希望和理想。人文学科,这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库,教我们如何以不同的 方式看待事物,同时也拓宽我们的视野。在现代社会中,人文学科一如既往地同生活 息息相关,也发挥着重要作用。我们在学习中花一些时间与人文学科――我们杰出、 非凡的知识宝藏――相伴,这难道不是明智的吗?谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢!近年来,随着互联网技术的发展,我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很 多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台,数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。 和传统教学方式相比,数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面,数字化教学使教学资 源得以全球共享;另一方面,它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间,人们可以随时随地 通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习 成为可能。 In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teachin on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning. Unit4 大学情侣 1 我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿,她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那会儿更 为成熟。琳达,21 岁,在大学一年级交过一个男友,她曾以为会跟那个男孩结婚,但 他们已不再来往了。梅丽莎,19 岁,还没有一个固定的男友。我的女儿不知何时才能 遇到她们的那个“唯一” ,她们伟大的爱。她们认为她们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、 童话般的浪漫史,从一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也许,她们是正确的,但在那时似乎 并不是那么回事。在某种程度上,爱神恰恰在你最没准备时来临。谁曾想到,布奇和 我最终会结婚呢?他之所以成为我男友,只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算:我要找一个 可爱的男友! 2 我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。 在那个命中注定的夜晚, 我只是好奇, 但对他而言,我认为是一见钟情。他凝视着我的脸,说: “你有一双美丽的眼睛。 ”他 整个晚上一直盯着我。我真的对他没那么感兴趣,其原因有二。首先,他看起来就像 是一个野小子,甚至还有些危险。其次,虽然他很可爱,却似乎有点怪异。 3 他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍,装作与我“偶遇” ,看到我时还假装惊讶。我喜欢被重 视的感觉,但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。他很会说话,这会迷倒任何 女孩。当我开始爱上他时,恐惧向我袭来。他那令人激动的“坏小子形象”简直太诱 人了。究竟是什么吸引了我?我,一直口碑极好。为了获得优异的成绩,我的注意力 只专注在自己的学习上。但又怎么样呢?大学应该是学习的好时间,可也应该有一些 乐趣。我已几乎达成了伟大的教育目标,离毕业只有一学期之遥了。但我却还没有享 受过任何乐趣,我的生活乏味,没有一点新鲜感!我需要一个男朋友,当然不是任何 男朋友。他必须很可爱。于是我那个学期的目标就成为:雄心勃勃,抓住一个我能找 到的最可爱的男友。 4 我担心他会怎么看我。不错,我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的时代, 但我是一个传统的女孩,对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。布奇看上去 很出色!我对他的个性毫无免疫力,但我对此很害怕。那天晚上当他向大家宣布我是 他女友时,我是同意的。但我随后突然清醒: “噢,我的天哪!我是他女友吗?这是怎 么回事?”紧接着,他在我耳边低声地甜言蜜语: “有一天我要娶你,我会成为一名律 师。你会看到这一天的。 ” 5 我笑着对自己说: “我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。他是我男 朋友,只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。 ” 6 Sure enough, the following month, I found out he had failed all his courses. Consequently, he was going to be expelled from the university. To my disgust, he seemed resigned to his fate. I knew there was hope, so I led him to the college secretary for reconsideration. 6 果然,一个月后,我发现他所有的课程都不及格。因而,他将被大学除名。令我厌 恶的是,他似乎屈从了自己的命运。我知道还有希望,所以我让他去学院的秘书那儿 进行复议。 7 &You are going to graduate with a BA in political science from UPenn and proceed to the College of Law,& I told him, lodging an appeal on his behalf, which was approved. Butch was granted reconsideration. And, once we became steadies, he coordinated his studies and social life, passing all of his classes. He eventually studied law. 7 我告诉他: “你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位,然后进入法律学院。 ” 我以他的名义递交了呈请书,结果被批准了。校方同意复议布奇的情况。我们的男女 朋友关系一经确定,他就协调了他的学习和社交生活,结果各门课都通过了。他最终 学了法律。 8 Despite Butch's somewhat wild character, at his core, he is always a perfect gentleman and deserves a lot of credit for that. True, he'd sometimes take the liberty of displaying his love by planting a kiss on my lips right in front of my astonished friends who watched and disapproved. But the truth is we had a pure and responsible relationship for seven full years. Sitting by the palm trees, hand in hand, we would listen to romantic songs, watch the sunset, and weave dreams of being together with children of our own, forever. 8 尽管布奇的性格有点野,但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士,这值得高度赞扬。的 确,他有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴,擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看到了很惊讶, 也很不以为然。但事实上,我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直是纯洁和负责的。我们 坐在棕榈树下,手牵着手,听着浪漫的歌曲,观赏着日落,编织着和我们自己的孩子 在一起的美梦,一直到永远。 9 Two years passed in a blur. One day, Butch took me by surprise as he knelt down and proposed marriage holding a dozen red roses! Filled with deep emotion, I confessed my love for him, &How roooomaaaantic!!& Then my brain woke up from fantasy land. I cried out, &Good heavens. No! We're too young to tie the knot. We haven't even graduated from college yet!& I really loved him but was pessimistic about our chances for success. 9 两年糊里糊涂地过去了。一天,布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我求婚。 我心中充满了深情,也坦诚了对他的爱: “太太太太太浪漫了! ! ”可我随即从幻想中惊 醒。我大喊出来: “天哪。不!我们现在结婚还太早了。我们甚至还没有大学毕业呢! ” 我真的很喜欢他,但我对我们感情修成正果的机率却持悲观态度。 10 We married five years later. 10 五年后,我们结了婚。 11 Our faithful journey of love and learning took us down rocky roads of hardship and on smooth easy-going highways. It is a long, romantic, sometimes crazy, love story that sums up a 29-year long honeymoon together as a couple who are still madly in love with each other. Our love commenced with a casual attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich life. 11 我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路,走上平坦易行的公路。它 是一个永久、浪漫,有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂地爱着对方的夫 妇如何一起度过了 29 年之久的蜜月。我们的爱从漫不经心的互相吸引开始,但最终却 发展出成熟的爱情和富足的生活。农历七月初七是中国的七夕节 (Qixi Festival),是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个 节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动,年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此, 七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的传说。相传,每年的这个夜晚,天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所 以,在七夕的夜晚,人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河(the Milky Way)相会。姑娘们也会 在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧,以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁,这些活 动正在消失,唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。 July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese &Valentine's Day&. The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk. Unit5 花钱还是存钱,学生进退维谷 1 你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑,且有被操纵的感 觉?我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。政府告 诉我们要花钱,否则我们将永远走不出衰退;与此同时,他们又告诉我们,除非我们 节省更多的钱,否则我们的国家会处于严重危险之中。银行提供较高的利率以增加储 蓄。然后,同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。 2 这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子:如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单,我们会收到从信 用卡公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件:不还款是不可接受的。 请立即缴付,否则后果自负!之后,一旦还款,我们就会收到一封跟进的电子邮件, 语气和蔼可亲,说我们是多么宝贵的客户,并鼓励我们继续花钱。到底哪一个描述是 正确的?有麻烦的失败消费者还是宝贵的客户?这两者之间可是天壤之别! 3 自相矛盾的情况还有,我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。一种从“纵容”的角 度,让我们“买东西,花钱,现在就得到它。你需要这个! ”另外一种,我们可称之为 “正直”的信息,它力劝我们: “努力工作,把钱存起来。控制你的欲望,不要买奢侈 品,不要垂涎那些你并不真正需要的东西。 ”这类信息来源甚多,有学校方面的,有家 长方面的,甚至还来自提及传统价值观的政治人物。艰苦创业,忠于家庭、能推迟欲 望是美国价值观的核心,它使我们的国家变得强大。 4 但相反的信息,即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告,无所不在。虽然此类信息有时经 过了乔装打扮,但仍随处可见,电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店,及公共汽车、 火车和地铁上,比比皆是。广告侵入了我们的日常生活。我们时时被包围在花钱,花 钱,花钱的信息中。最近有人说: “唯一可以逃脱广告的时候是当在床上睡着时! ” 5 据计算,普通的美国人到 18 岁时,会看过 60 万则广告;到 40 岁时,看过的广告总 数近百万。每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决定――从我们吃的早 餐麦片到我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。决不会缺少怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告! 现在,我们当然不能确切地记得广告上的产品,但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里: “要满足你的愿望。你应该拥有你想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以,你应该买下它 ――现在! ”一个著名的广告诠释得很完美: “我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让 我感觉舒服的事。我从精美的东西里得到乐趣,并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常 想着等一下再买,现在再也不会了。今天,我会购买全新的滑雪装备,看看新型的小 巧灵便的轿车,买下那台我一直想要的相机。我今天就要实现我的梦想,不会等到明 天。 ” 6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages: &Watch out, take stock of your life, don't let your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger.& 6 当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时,会有什么事情发生呢?这种控制我们 花钱习惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢?一方面,我们希望买更多的 东西, 来满足我们的物质欲望。 我们中的大多数通过善待自己来得到乐趣。 与此同时, 我们身体里面有一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信息在共鸣: “当心,要掂量掂量自己的 生活,不要让注意力分散。推迟欲望。不要陷入债务。要等待!保留对自己生活的控 制权。这会让你更坚强。 ” 7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances. Consider your financial well-being as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education. 7 总之,一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。把良好的财务 状况看成是大学教育中的一个关键因素,因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感压力,并让人 分心。它们会让你感觉很糟糕,并阻止你专注首要目标,即成功完成学业。 8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacy classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let your urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles. 8 怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢?许多学校、社区组织,甚至一些 银行都提供金融扫盲班。可以考虑向学校的财务援助办公室咨询,或向父母或其他值 得尊敬的成年人请教如何建立一个预算方案。另外一个选择是找一个合作伙伴来帮你 保持良好的财务状况,并在管理自己的金融事务中找到乐趣。最重要的是,如果你发 现自己正陷入财务困境, 不要让你的自大妨碍你, 在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前, 赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。 9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship, steering your life in a successful and productive direction through the choppy waters. 9 这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。学会了如何平衡支出 和储蓄,你就会成为你自己的船长,驾驶着你的生活之船,乘风破浪,驶向成功和富 有。丝绸之路(Silk Road)是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆(Eurasia)的交通线路,由 于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主, 故称&丝绸之路&。 作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁, 丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展,对世界文明进程有着深远影响。 当前,在新的历史条件下,我国提出了&一带一路&(One Belt, One Road) (即&丝绸之路 经济带&和&21 世纪海上丝绸之路&)的战略构想。&一带一路&以合作共赢为核心,强调 相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。 The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name &the Silk Road&. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of &One Belt, One Road& (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of &One Belt, One Road& focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road. Unit6 “关门者” ,你是吗? 1 下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时,不妨问自己这样 一个问题:项羽会怎么做? 2 项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河,突袭进 入了敌方的领地。他下令砸锅烧船,令他的部队大为震惊。 3 他解释道,他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气, 但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时,他们并不赞成 他的做法。不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋,在战场上和现代社 会科学研究中都将得到肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人,他是一位经验 丰富的领袖,由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰,他深受尊敬。 4 丹?阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对 看似非理性的人类行为,譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向,进行了引人入胜的 调查。大多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择,麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士 行为经济学这门课的学生也不例外。在调查作决策的一项实验中,几百名学生都不能 忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择机会消失,即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。 5 实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的,这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。在现实 世界里,我们总会说: “保留我们的选择机会是对的。 ”想要一个好的例子吗?一个十 多岁的女孩被足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽,但她的父母不会让她停 止任何一项活动,理由是它们有一天可能会派上用场! 6 在这个实验里, 学生要玩一个电脑游戏: 在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门, 每扇门后都会 提供一些现金。该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击 100 次,你点击获取的钱越多,你 就玩得越好。学生每点击一次打开一扇门,他们会用掉一个点击数,但却不会得到任 何钱。然而,随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱,三扇门显示的 钱总有一扇比另外两扇多。这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报,可还 是会用掉一次点击数。所以,制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门,然后只点击那扇似乎 是钱最多的门。 7 在玩游戏时,学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化:如果有片刻没点击某扇门,那扇 门就会慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则,他们本应对要消失的门不予理 睬。然而,在它们消失以前,他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小的门,试图让它们开 启着。结果是,他们在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时浪费了很多点击数以至于最后 输了钱。为什么学生对那些变小的门如此依恋呢?他们可能会争辩说,他们紧抓住这 些门是为将来多留一些机会。但是,据阿雷利博士说,这不是真正的原因。 8 在他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼前的选 择机会被剥夺,尽管这种痛苦是临时的。阿雷利博士说: “每闭上一扇选择之门就如同 经受了一次损失,人们宁愿付出很大的代价,也要避免情感的失落。 ”在实验中,损失 很容易用丢失的现金来衡量。 在生活中, 相应的损失就往往没那么明显, 如浪费时间, 错过机会。 9 “有时候,这些门是慢慢关闭的,我们没有看到它们在悄然消失, ”阿雷利博士写道: “我们可能花很多时间在工作上,却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在悄悄溜走。 ” 10 那么,我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢?阿雷利博士说,一个办法是制 止更多的超额预约。我们可以自己减少选择,将任务委派给其他人,甚至放弃一些点 子,让其他人去做。他用婚姻作为例子: “在婚姻中,我们承诺不保留选择机会,我们 就创造了获得最佳选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择的门,并告诉别人我们已作出选 择。 ” 11 阿雷利博士说,自从进行了这个点击门的实验,他已经有意识地努力减轻自己的负 担。他敦促我们辞去委员会的工作,删减送节日贺卡的名单,重新思考兴趣爱好,并 记住像项羽那样的关门者给我们的启示。 12 换言之,他是鼓励我们放弃那些似乎只有表面价值的东西,而去追求那些能真正丰 富我们生活的东西。我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好,但阿雷利博士的研究 却强有力地告诉我们事实并非如此。 13 我们想在生活中得到越来越多选择的代价是什么?我们能从更集中的精力和注意 力中获得什么样的喜悦和满足?当然,我们每个人都会有自己的答案。 14 试想一下这些重要的问题:怎么做会使我们获得更多,是不断增加选择,还是只保 持少数精心挑选的选择?我们应关闭什么门,以便让机会和幸福之窗打开? Unit8 动物还是孩子?――一位科学家的选择 1 我就是那个敌人! 我就是那些被人诅咒的、 残忍的、 搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。 这些谣言刺痛了我,因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生, 因为我爱孩子,也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实 习时,我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血――虽然对此医学正取得很大进步,但 远非完善。更重要的是,我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步,如婴儿呼吸 支持器,功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子 们健康快乐,这促使我从事医学研究。 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话, 并把我描写成恶魔。 他们声称我没有道德界限, 我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁,而我的实验根本与医药毫 不相关。与此同时,无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问,相信这个议题毫无意义,而具有 宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3 我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权 利活动家渐渐侵入,任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们 一直坚信,有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没 有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同 样令人伤心的海报,来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。 4 动物权利论坛大肆宣扬我们如何以医学的名义使这些动物经受巨大的痛苦。动物权 利活动家们否认我们正在努力帮助人类, 并说这是我们邪恶和残忍本性的证据。 然而, 一个更合理的论点可用来为我们进行辩护。生活往往对动物和人类都是残酷的。青少 年被甩到卡车外, 导致头部严重受伤。 还不太会走路的孩子们溺水沉到游泳池底部时, 他们的家长正忙于其他事务。 从常见的的细菌侵害到帮派的暴力, 没有谁能不受伤害。 医生们希望能永远减轻这些悲剧带给人们身体上的痛苦,他们只有三个选择:1)用动 物做实验, 以了解整个医疗过程和测试新的疗法; 2) 进行人体实验 (一些实验会成功, 大多数会失败) ;3)让对医疗知识的了解处于停滞状态,希望偶然的发现会带领我们 向前。 5 一些动物权利活动家会提出第四个选项,他们声称计算机可以模拟动物实验,这样 就可省去真实的实验过程。计算机可以模拟一些为人所熟知的原理在复杂系统中的应 用效果, 就如物理规律在飞机和汽车设计中的应用那样。 然而, 当原理本身有问题时, 就跟正处于研究阶段的复杂的生物系统的情况一样,仅靠计算机模拟成效甚微。 6 阻止用动物来进行医学研究的可怕后果之一是,其影响要到几年甚至几十年后才能 被人知晓:治愈感染的新药物将无法被发现,外科手术和诊断技术将得不到发展,那 些有可能被发掘的基本生物学进程将是未解之谜。危险的是,那些善意的政治家匆忙 作出决定后拿出的解决方案只是策略性地满足了那一小部分大声疾呼的示威者,这些 决定的后果和造成的破坏性影响要很久才会显现。 7 Fortunately, most of us enjoy good health, and the agony of watching one's child die has become a rare experience. Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative. Protection from serious sickness and drugs to combat heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke are all based on animal research. Most complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip surgery and organ transplantation surgeries were initially developed in animals. Techniques to replace defective genes, the cause of so much disease, as well as the development of synthetic organs are presently undergoing animal studies. These studies, and any subsequent advances, will effectively end if animal research is severely restricted. 7 幸运的是, 我们大多数人都享有健康的体魄, 眼睁睁地看着孩子死亡之苦已不多见。 然而,对于能够享受健康或享受医学进步能带来的健康我们不应该不心存感激。对严 重疾病的预防和用于心脏病、高血压和中风的药物都基于对动物的研究。大多复杂的 外科手术,如心脏或髋关节手术、器官移植手术最初都是在动物实验中进行的。取代 导致众多疾病的缺陷基因的技术,以及人造器官的发展,目前正处于动物实验研究阶 段。如果动物研究严格受限,这些研究和其后的任何进展都将彻底地宣告结束。 8 In America today, death has become an event isolated from our daily existence. As a doctor who has watched many children die and seen their parents' infinite grief, I am particularly angered by any minute expression of caring for the suffering of creatures and so little for sick and dying human beings. People are too protected from the reality of human life and death and what it means. 8 在今天的美国,死亡已经成为我们日常生活中孤立少见的事。作为一个看见过许多 儿童死亡和他们父母悲痛至极的医生,我感到特别愤怒的是,有人对动物的痛苦表达 入微,但对生病和生命垂危的人却冷漠无情。人们受到了太多的保护, 以至于他们感觉 不到现实世界里的生与死,也感觉不到其所代表的真实意义。 9 Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate needless cruel treatment of animals. The animal rights movement has made a contribution in making us more aware of animals' needs and the need to search harder for suitable alternatives. But if the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost many lives. Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority. 9 但别搞错,我从来不提倡对动物实行不必要的残忍对待。动物权利运动使我们更加 意识到动物应有的权利,以及努力寻找合适替代品的需要。但是,如果有更多的动物 权利运动的激进分子成功地阻止了进一步的研究,那他们的努力会造成以许多人的生 命为代价的悲剧。因此,真正的问题是我们能否唤起大多数漠不关心的民众来保护动 物实验的将来,以反对嗓门挺大、但却是被误导的那一小部分人。新中国成立以来, 特别是改革开放以来,中国政府在生态环境(eco-environmental) 保护 方面做出了大量努力,取得了有效进展。政府采取了一系列保护和改善生态环境的重 大举措,譬如积极推进重点生态工程,加强生态系统建设(ecosystem) 及生物多样性保 护(biodiversity conservation),建立了一批自然保护区(nature reservation)、生态示范区 (ecological demonstration zones)、 风景名胜区和森林公园。 加强生态环境的保护和建设, 实现人与自然和谐相处,是构建社会主义和谐社会(harmonious society)的重要目标 之一。环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。 Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress. The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks. One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature. Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

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