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Animal Farm is a short novel by George Orwell. It is based on 's
of the . Orwell wrote it because he wished to destroy what he called the " myth". Like , the story is one of the most famous political
in the world. It is about a group of
against the
who run the farm they live on and run it themselves with hopes of being equal, free, and happy. In the end, however, the new rule becomes a cruel
of its own led by the . It was written during
in 1945. Although rejected by several publishers, when published it became a best-seller. Today it is widely accepted as a .
Time magazine chose the book as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923 to 2005). it also featured at number 31 on the . It won a Retrospective
in 1996, and is included in the
selection.
The animals of the Manor Farm lived badly. Their farmer Mr. Jones, a mean and
man, exploited them. One day , the pig who led the animals, called a meeting of all the animals. Old Major told them about a dream he had the previous night. He had dreamed about an old song called, 'Beasts of England', which started a resistance against the human beings. When Old Major sang the song most other animals started to join in. Everyone was very excited about rebelling.
Old Major died a few days later and two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, started leading the preparations for the . About three months later they revolted against Mr. Jones and they took over the farm. The purpose of the revolution was to create a fair society made only by animals, or animalism and it was based on seven
such as “Four legs good, two legs bad” and most importantly: "All animals are equal". They also changed the name of the farm to "Animal Farm" from Manor Farm.
Snowball, an inventive and vivacious pig, and Napoleon, a big and cruel-looking pig, started to fight for leadership. In the meantime Mr. Jones was planning to attack to get the farm back but when he did the animals won the battle called "The Battle of the Cowshed". Mr. Jones was forced to stay out of the farm. One day, when Snowball announced his plans to build a , Napoleon arrived in the farm with nine big, cruel dogs that made Snowball run away bleeding. From that day Napoleon was the real
he sent his dogs to eat up any animal that didn't agree with him. If something went wrong (like when the windmill they'd worked so hard on was wrecked), Napoleon blamed it on Snowball. According to Napoleon, Snowball was sneaking around Animal Farm ruining everything.
When Boxer, the strongest horse in the farm, lost his strength because of old age and fell while he was building a windmill, Napoleon sent him to be slaughtered. Now Napoleon had no pity on anybody. He and the pigs were like Mr. Jones - they exploited the other animals, and they took advantage of the foolishness of some animals. They came into contact with human beings for business although they had said it was forbidden. In the end they became like human beings, they started to walk on their hind legs and they replaced the old maxim with a new one: “Four legs good, two legs better”. Nothing was changed and resistance seemed to be useless.
George Orwell who was a , wrote the introduction of the 1947
of Animal Farm. There he said he got the idea from seeing a young boy
a large cart horse. He explained, "It struck me that if only such animals became aware of (knew) their strength we should have no power over them, and that men exploit (badly use) animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat (the poor, the lower class)".
There are many characters in the book who are based on real people. They are grouped into , ,
and other animals.
– A prize-winning pig. He is the one who inspires all the animals to rebel against the humans. The character is based on
and , the communist leader of the .
– A large boar who becomes the leader of Animal Farm. He is the main
of the story. He secures his power through fear. The character is based on .
– He is the pig who fights Napoleon for control after the rebellion. He easily wins the loyalty of most of the animals. He is mainly based on , but also has some characteristics taken from Lenin. He is later framed of doing false crimes, and is banned from the farm.
– He serves as Napoleon's public speaker. He twists and abuses language to excuse and justify Napoleon's actions. He is based on propaganda.
Minimus – A poet, who writes the second and third national anthems of Animal Farm, after "Beasts of England" is banned. He creates poems and songs praising Napoleon.
– A loyal and dedicated cart-horse. He is quite gullible. He and his companion Clover represent the
during the Russian Revolution. Gets weak towards end and gets sent to the slaughter house by Napoleon who fooled the other animals into believing that he is getting sent to the hospital.
Clover – A motherly mare approaching middle age. She is Boxer's companion, and she takes care of him. Like Boxer, she works as a cart-horse on Manor Farm. During the book she has doubts about the pigs' behaviour, but she repeatedly blames herself for not remembering correctly the commandments. She realises later the situation but is not smart enough to express herself.
Mollie – A foolish, pretty and
young white mare. She likes sugar so much that when eating of sugar is banned, she smuggles some into the farm. When it is discovered, she leaves the farm to go to another farm. She is last seen being caressed by a man. The character represents the
of the Russian Revolution, who were happy with their life under rule of Tsar Nicholas II and left Russia a year after the Rebellion.
– The farmer of Manor Farm. The animals revolt against him because he does not feed them, take care of them, and he whips them. He is based on .
Mr. Pilkington – The farmer of Foxwood, a large neighbouring farm.
Mr. Frederick – The owner of Pinchfield, a small but well-kept neighbouring farm. He briefly enters into an alliance with Napoleon. He is a reference to .
– An old . He has the worst temper, but is also one of the smartest animals on the farm. He is thought to represent the older generation - wise enough to see through the lies, but keeps silent. He is also a very loyal friend of Boxer and him and Clover look after Boxer.
Moses – An old
who occasionally visits the farm. He tells the animals stories about a
place above the clouds called Sugarcandy Mountain, where he says that all animals go when they die—but only if they work hard. Moses is thought to represent the Church (or religious community) in Russia at the time.
Muriel – A wise old goat who is friends with all of the animals on the farm.
Bluebell and Jessie – A mated pair of . Their children are taken away from them by Napoleon at birth and raised by Napoleon to be his .
The Hens – The hens are among the first to rebel against Napoleon.
The Cows – Their milk is stolen by the pigs, who learn to milk them. It is stirred into the pigs' food every day while the other animals are not allowed to have any.
The Cat – The cat never does any work, but she is forgiven because her excuses are so convincing. She has no interest in the politics of the farm.
Animalism is a
shared by the
of . The purpose is to ensure the farm animals behave like actual animals and not follow the footsteps of . Therefore, any human behavior is considered contrary to the spirit of Animalism.
In the story, this song was sung by animals of England once upon a time. It is named "Beasts of England". It has a stirring tune, a cross between "Clementine" and "La Cucaracha". This song became popular among the animals of England after Old Major recited it to the farm animals of Manor Farm. It is the first national anthem of Animal Farm.
These are the original
laid down by the .
"Four legs good, two legs bad." which later changed to " Four legs good, two legs better." "All animals are equal" which later changed to "All Animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others."
Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
No animal shall wear clothes.
No animal shall sleep in a bed.
No animal shall drink alcohol.
No animal shall kill any other animal.
All animals are equal.
. britannica.com 2010.
. bbc.co.uk 2010.
. orwell.ru 2010.
. litencyc.com 2010.
Grossman, Lev & Lacayo Richard (16 October 2005). All-Time 100 Novels. TIME magazine.
. netcharles.com 2010.
. query.nytimes.com 2010.
Christopher Hitchens (2002) Why Orwell Matters, Basic Books, p. 186f
John Rodden, "Introduction", in: John Rodden (ed.), Understanding Animal Farm, Westport/London (1999), p. 5f.
. Shmoop University 2013.
. SparkNotes LLC 2013.
. Shmoop University 2013.
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扫一扫发现精彩The 35-day life of a KFC chicken... in a shed full of 34,000 birds | Daily Mail Online
The 35-day life of a KFC chicken... in a shed full of 34,000 others: Inside farm that houses some of fast food chain's 23 million birds
1,000 farms supply fast food chain KFC with 23 million chickens a year Birds live in huge sheds for just 35 days before they are gassed to deathDocumentary filmed around 34,000 chickens in a shed with few windows Activists say the conditions the chickens are kept in are 'oppressive'
One farmer claims the birds have a short but 'very good life' KFC said all their suppliers meet or exceed UK and EU welfare requirementsBy
22:50 GMT, 17 March 2015
03:55 GMT, 18 March 2015
As one of the UK’s most popular fast food chains, it sells almost 400 pieces of chicken every minute.But now conditions on the farms that supply KFC with 23million chickens a year can be shown for the first time.The images show tens of thousands of chickens kept together in huge sheds, alive for just 35 days before they are gassed.Scroll down for video
Life on the farm: Supplier Andrew in the shed filled with 34,00 chickens destined for the fast food chain KFC
The thousands of chickens live together in huge sheds for just 35 days before they are gassed A documentary tonight shows the birds living amid their excrement in conditions activists say are ‘oppressive’ – but the farmer in charge claims it’s ‘a very good life’.Footage to be screened this evening on BBC1 focuses on one farm where about 34,000 chickens are penned into a shed with few windows.When they are large enough the chickens are gassed, chopped into nine pieces and sent to warehouses in large trays where they are then distributed to branches nationwide.
The farmer in charge claimed the birds had 'a very good life' and showed how they were healthy
Farms supply KFC with around 23 million chickens each year and its chains sell almost 400 pieces of chicken every minute.
At one farm around 34,000 chickens are penned into sheds with few windowsAbout 1,000 farms in the country supply KFC with 23million chickens a year. The programme focuses on a farmer called Andrew who says the chickens at his farm – left to do nothing but eat and drink until they reach the required weight – have a good life, saying he ‘wouldn’t mind being a chicken in here’.Scenes show the chickens as they walk around in their own excrement while a layer of sawdust has turned murky brown from mopping up waste.Asked if he thinks this is a problem, Andrew says: ‘No, no, no, that’s not a problem at all, because you see here, this is all sawdust, so the idea is to keep this as dry as possible.’
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The supplier, who has 35 years’ experience, says: ‘As you can see, they’ve got beautifully clean feet and that is a good sign that these birds are healthy and they’ve been grown on good litter. You can see this is a good, healthy chicken. I can’t think there’s anything better than being sat in a chicken farm looking at chickens. You can see for yourself, they look absolutely fantastic.’Asked whether he feels it is a shame their lives end so soon, he says: ‘No, they probably have a short life but they have a very good life.’Yesterday animal rights campaigners claimed the lives of the KFC chickens were ‘oppressive’. Andrew Tyler, director of Animal Aid, said: ‘These birds have no meaningful life. They endure a wretched existence in giant windowless sheds stinking with ammonia. A very large number die from starvation or dehydration. About 900million of these birds are produced in country each year about 30million-plus die in the sheds.
When the chickens are large enough they are gassed, chopped into nine pieces and sent to the warehouses in large trays
The trays of chicken are then distributed to KFC branches nationwide and sold to customers
This is the first time cameras have been allowed access to KFC. The fast food chain say animal welfare is 'essential'
Fast food: One of KFC's branches. KFC say that all their suppliers meet or exceed UK and EU welfare requirements‘Millions of these birds, just like the ones KFC is commissioning to be produced die in sheds wretchedly and painfully every year.‘These birds are deprived of everything that makes life worth living. The next step after this is to be grabbed by their frail legs, and shoved in crates and taken off to slaughter. A great number suffer broken bones during this process.’A BBC spokesman said the documentary offers ‘an impartial look at KFC, one of the UK’s most recognisable businesses’.It is the first time cameras have been allowed access to KFC.A KFC spokesman said: ‘Animal welfare is essential for high quality food and is important to our customers, and all of KFC’s suppliers meet or exceed UK and EU welfare requirements. KFC was the first quick-service restaurant to gain Red Tractor certification and we have in place our own robust standard, which is independently audited by third parties.’Episode one of The Billion Dollar Chicken Shop airs on BBC1 at 9pm.
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＞＞＞Two brothers worked together on a farm. One was married and..
Two brothers worked together on a farm. One was married and had a large &&&41&&.The other had no wife yet. Although they lived in different houses, they shared everything they got from their farm.One day, the single brother said to himself, “It’s not &&&42&&&that we share all the rice. I’m &&43&&&and I need less than my brother.” So, every night he took a bag of rice from his store-room and &&&44&&across the field &&&45&&&their houses, putting it into his brother’s store-room.At the same time, the married brother thought, “It’s not fair to share all the rice. I’m married and I have my wife and children to &&46&&me when I am &&47&. However, my brother has no one to take care of his &&48&&&.” So, each night he also took a bag of rice and put it into his brother’s store-room.Several months passed by. They found &&&49&&strange that their rice never became less. Then, one dark night the two brothers ran into each other. Slowly they began to understand what was happening. Their bags fell onto the ground and tears &&&50&&their eyes at once. 小题1:A．groupB．family C．classD．team小题2:A．rightB．popularC．interesting D．wrong小题3:A．poor B．happyC．aloneD．rich小题4:A．jumpedB．playedC．wentD．rode小题5:A．fromB．throughC．offD．between小题6:A．look afterB．look forC．look outD．look at小题7:A．worriedB．oldC．healthyD．dead小题8:A．hopeB．childrenC．farmD．future小题9:A．themB．this C．itD．that小题10:A．appearedB．filledC．dropped D．rose
题型：完形填空难度：中档来源：不详
小题1:B小题1:A小题1:C小题1:C小题1:D小题1:A小题1:B小题1:D小题1:C小题1:B本文讲述的是在农场做工两兄弟。其中一个娶妻生子，另一个独身。由于他们为对方着想，就相互地每晚对方送一袋大米。几个月后，他们奇怪地发现大米的袋数没有少。直到一个漆黑的夜里他们相遇，才明白了一切，他们的眼里立刻充满的泪水。真是情谊无价。小题1:B由于一个结婚可知他有一个大的家庭，故选B。小题1:A由语境可知此空应填right, 意为“是不正确的，我们分享所有的大米”。小题1:C由句“The other had no wife yet”可知他是“独自一人”，故选C。小题1:C go across 意为“穿过”。小题1:D由句“they lived in different houses”可知，他们居住在不同房子里。也就是两个房子之间有一定的距离。故此空应填between.小题1:A look after意为“照顾，关心”。小题1:B由句意应为“当我老了的时候，我有妻子和孩子照顾”，故此空应填old.小题1:D句意为“我哥哥没有照顾他的未来”。故选D。小题1:C it代替上文的“这件事”。小题1:B根据语意可知“眼里充满泪水”，故用fill.
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“Two brothers worked together on a farm. One was married and..”主要考查你对&&人物传记类阅读，故事类阅读&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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人物传记类阅读故事类阅读
人物传记类文章的文体特征：
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。 人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧：
1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。 2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型： (1)对号入座题：这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。 (2)词义转换题：这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 (3)是非题：该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT(4)排序题：这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 (5)指代理解题：一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。 3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为： (1)细节推断题：要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。 (2)因果推断题：要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。 (3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意： (1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。 (2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 (3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 (4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。 (5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。故事类阅读概念：
这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。故事类阅读应试技巧：
1、抓住文章的6个要素：阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后顺序。因此，无论是顺叙还是倒叙，阅读此类文章时，必须要找到它结构中的5个W（when, where, who, why, what）和1个H（how），不过不是每篇都会完整地交待六个要素。毫无疑问，寻出这些元素是能够正确快速解题的一个先决条件。 2、注意作者的议论和抒情：高考英语阅读理解故事类文章常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因此议论和抒情往往夹杂其中。行文时或按事情发生发展的先后时间进行或按事情发生发展的地点来转换，也可能按事情发展的阶段来布局。在引出话题，讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。这些体现作者观点或思想的语句在阅读时可以划线，它们往往体现文章中心或者写作意图，属于必考点，所以要仔细体会。 3、结合前两点归纳文章中心，把握作者态度：故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来表达中心思想的，它是文章的灵魂。归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为很多文章卒章显志，用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章中心；文章中议论抒情的句子往往与中心密切相关；也有的文章需要在结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心。另外，叙述一件事必有其目的，或阐明某一观点，或赞美某种品德，或抨击某种陋习，这就要求我们在阅读时，通过对细节（第1点中的六要素）的理解，把握作者的态度。 4、有章有据进行解题判断：分析文章，归纳主题，属于分析、概括、综合的表述能力的考查。切忌脱离文章，架空分析，一定让分析在文章中有依据。
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