osmium sodium chloride[英]['?zmi?m 's??di:?m 'kl?:raid][美]['ɑzmi?m 'sodi?m 'kl?r?a?d]
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n. [化] 氯化钠
1.a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl)
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1.Sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid are often used to regenerate spent ion exchange resins used
氯化钠和盐酸常用来再生水净化中用的废的离子交换树脂。
好文推荐：Sodium Chloride, NaCl
Sodium Chloride, NaCl
The classic case of , the
molecule forms by the ionization of sodium and chlorine atoms and the attraction of the resulting ions.
An atom of
has one 3s electron outside a closed shell, and it takes only 5.14
of energy to remove that electron. The
lacks one electron to fill a shell, and releases 3.62 eV when it acquires that electron (it's
is 3.62 eV).
This means that it takes only 1.52 eV of energy to donate one of the sodium electrons to chlorine when they are far apart. When the resultant ions are brought closer together, their electric potential energy becomes more and more negative, reaching -1.52 eV at about 0.94 nm separation. This means that if neutral sodium and chlorine atoms found themselves closer than 0.94 nm, it would be energetically favorable to transfer an electron from Na to Cl and form the ionic bond.
The potential energy curve shows that there is a minimum at 0.236 nm separation and then a steep rise in potential which represents a repulsive force. This repulsive force is more than just an electrostatic repulsion between the electron clouds of the two atoms. It has a quantum mechanical character rooted in the , and is often called just the "exclusion principle repulsion". When the ions are widely separated, the wavefunctions of their core electrons do not significantly overlap and they can have identical quantum numbers. As they get closer, the increasing overlap of the wavefunctions causes some to be forced into higher energy states. No two electrons can occupy the same state, so as a new set of energy states is formed for the composite, two-nucleus system, the lower energy states are filled and some of the electrons are pushed into higher states. This requires energy and is experienced as a repulsion, preventing the ions from coming any closer to each other.
The potential diagram above is for gaseous NaCl, and the environment is different in the normal solid state where sodium chloride (common table salt) forms cubical crystals. The ion separation is 0.28 nm, somewhat larger than that in the gaseous state.
A major part of the study of molecular structure is the description of the
formed between atoms. The classic studies are the extremes of ionic bonding in sodium chloride and
ReferenceElem. Modern Physics, Ch 5
&**********R Nave
Molecular Spectra
The most commonly observed molecular spectra involve electronic, vibrational, or rotational transitions. For a diatomic molecule, the electronic states can be represented by plots of potential energy as a function
of internuclear distance. Electronic transitions are vertical or almost vertical lines on such a plot since the electronic transition occurs so rapidly that the internuclear distance can't change
much in the process. Vibrational transitions occur between different vibrational levels of the same electronic state. Rotational transitions occur mostly between rotational levels of the same vibrational state, although
there are many examples of combination vibration-rotation transitions for light molecules.
Electronic Spectra氯化钠-35cl
氯化钠-37cl
Sodium chloride (Na36Cl)
Sodium chloride(Na2Cl2)
Imidodiphosphoryl chloride, sodium salt
Sodium zinc chloride
CESIUM CHLORIDE/SODIUM CHLORIDE (2:1) E&
Calcium copper sodium chloride oxide
sodium chloride dioxidanediide (3:1:1)
Aluminum ammonium sodium chloride hydroxide sulfate
231-598-3&
&Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
&n20/D 1.378
&colourless crystals or white powder
&Poison by intraperitoneal and intracervical routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by ingestion: blood pressure increase. Human reproductive effects by intraplacental route: terminates pregnancy. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. When bulk sodium chloride is heated to high temperature, a vapor is emitted that is irritating, particularly to the eyes. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium chloride can cause irritation of the stomach. Improper use of salt tablets may produce this effect. Potentially explosive reaction with dichloromaleic anhydride + urea. Electrolysis of mixtures with nitrogen compounds may form the explosive nitrogen trichloride. Reaction with burning lithium forms the dangerously reactive sodium. The molten salt at 1100° reacts explosively with water. Violent reaction with BrF3. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl- and Na2O.
Hazard Codes:?Xi
The Risk Statements information of: Sodium chloride:
22:? Harmful if swallowed
36:? Irritating to the eyes
36/37/38:? Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
The Safety Statements information of? Sodium chloride:
26:? In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
36:? Wear suitable protective clothing
24/25:? Avoid contact with skin and eyes
WGK Germany:? 1
危险品标志:
Chemicals Index:sodium carbonate是什么意思_百度作业帮
sodium carbonate是什么意思
sodium carbonate是什么意思
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