Maxwell V15-2D-User-Manual_伤城文章网
Maxwell V15-2D-User-Manual
Maxwell 2DElectromagnetic and Electromechanical Analysiselectronic design automation softwareuser’s guide C Maxwell 2DANSYS Inc ? Southpointe ? 275 Technology Drive ? Canonsburg, PA 15317The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. ANSYS Inc. makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. ANSYS Inc. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. ? 2010 ANSYS Inc. All rights reserved. ANSYS Inc. Southpointe 275 Technology Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317
http://www.ansys.com (T) 724-746-3304 (F) 724-514-9494 Ansoft Maxwell, Simplorer, RMxprt and Optimetrics and any and all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registered trademarks or trademarks of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. All other brand, product, service and feature names or trademarks are the property of their respective owners. New editions of this manual will incorporate all material updated since the previous edition. The manual printing date, which indicates the manual’s current edition, changes when a new edition is printed. Minor corrections and updates which are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change. Update packages may be issued between editions and contain additional and/or replacement pages to be merged into the manual by the user. Note that pages which are rearranged due to changes on a previous page are not considered to be revised. Edition: REV6.0 Date: 13 March 2012 Software Version: 15Maxwell 2D User’s GuideContentsThis document discusses some basic concepts and terminology used throughout the ANSYS Maxwell application. It provides an overview of the following topics: Overview 1.0 - Maxwell 2D Examples C Eddy Current 6.1 C Jumping Rings Axisymmetric Model 6.3 C Instantaneous Forces on Busbars Examples C Transient 7.1 C Gapped Inductor Model 7.2 - Solenoid Problem with an External Circuit 7.4 C Core Loss Examples C Basic Exercises 9.1 C Electrostatic 9.2 C DC Conduction 9.3 C Magnetostatic 9.4 C Parametric 9.5 C Transient 9.6 C Transient with Circuit Editor 9.7 C Post-processing 9.8 C Optimetrics 9.10 C Scripting 9.12 C Eddy Current 9.13 C Rotational Transient Motion 9.14 C Boundary Conditions 9.15 C Permanent Magnets Assignment Examples C Motors 11.1 - ANSYS Electrical Machine Design Reference 11.2 - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 11.3 - Three-Phase Induction Machine 11.4 - Permanent Magnet Motor (Prius IPM) 11.5 - OptimetricsAnalysis with RMxprt 11.6 C Torque Optimization using Design ExplorerMaxwell v15PresentationOverview1v15Maxwell 2D is a high-performance interactive software package that uses finite element analysis (FEA) to solve electric, magnetostatic, eddy current, and transient problems.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-1Maxwell v15v15PresentationOverview1Maxwell 2D solves the electromagnetic field problems for a given model with appropriate materials, boundaries and source conditions applying Maxwell's equations over a finite region of space. There are two geometry modes available in Maxwell 2D: Cartesian (XY) model Axisymmetric (RZ) model There are six solvers available in Maxwell 2D: Electrostatic AC Conduction Electric Fields DC Conduction Magnetostatic Eddy Current Magnetic Fields Transient MagneticANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-2Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1Different Methods of Electromagnetic AnalysisElectromagnetic AnalysisClosed FormAnalytical TechniquesNumerical TechniquesIterativeIntegral EquationsDifferential EquationsBEMBoundary ElementsFinite DifferenceFDMFinite ElementsFEMScalar Potentials2D Electrostatic 3D Thermal 3D ElectrostaticVector Potentials2D Magnetostatic 2D Eddy 2D TransientComponents of H-Field3D Magnetostatic 3D Eddy 3D TransientANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-3Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1Differential Form of Maxwell’s EquationsFaraday' s Law of Induction Gauss' s Law for Magnetism Ampere' s Law Gauss' s Law for Electricity ?×Ε =? ??B=0 ?×H = J + ??D=ρ ?D ?t ?Β ?tANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-4Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1FEM and adaptive meshingIn order to obtain the set of algebraic equations to be solved, the geometry of the problem is discretized automatically into small elements (e.g., triangles in 2D). All the model solids are meshed automatically by the mesher. The assembly of all triangles is referred to as the finite element mesh of the model or simply the mesh. Approximate aspect ratio limit in 2D: X = 10,000YYXANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarStart Field SolutionGenerate Initial MeshCompute FieldsPerform Error AnalysisRefine MeshHas Stopping Criteria been met?YesNoStop Field SolutionP1-5Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1FEM Approximation Functions? The desired field in each element is approximated with a 2nd order quadratic polynomial Az(x,y) = ao + a1x + a2y + a3x2 + a4xy + a5 y2 ? Field quantities are calculated for 6 points (3 corners and 3 midpoints) in 2D ? Field quantities inside of the triangle are calculated using a 2nd order quadratic interpolation scheme1625 4ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training Seminar3P1-6Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1FEM Variational Principle? Poisson’s equation: ? 2 A = ? ?J? 1 ? ?A ? ?A ? + A? J ? dV is replaced with energy functional: F ( A) = ∫ ? ? 2 ? ? ?? This functional is minimized with respect to value of A at each node in every triangleANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-7Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1FEM Matrix Equation? Now, over all the triangles, the result is a large, sparse matrix equation[S ][A] = [J ]? This can be solved using standard matrix solution techniques such as: ? Sparse Gaussian Elimination (direct solver) ? Incomplete Choleski Conjugate Gradient Method (ICCG iterative solver)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-8Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1FEM Error Evaluation? Put the approximate solution back into Poisson’s equation? 2 Aapprox + ?J = R? Since A is a quadratic function, R is a constant in each triangle. ? The local error in each triangle is proportional to R.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-9Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1FEM Percent Error Energy? Summation of local error in each triangle divided by total energyPercent Error Energy = ∑i =1nR(local)i Total Energy×100%?Local errors can exceed Percent Error EnergyANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-10Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1Transient Solver Fully Coupled Dynamic Physics SolutionCurrent Source Density Electric Scalar PotentialVelocity?A ? × υ? × A = J s ? σ ? σ?V + ? × H c + σv × ? × A ?tMagnetic Vector Potential Permanent MagnetTime-varying Electric and Magnetic FieldsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-11Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1Transient Solver - Magnetic Field Diffusion? Magnetic fields “diffuse” into materials at different rates depending on:? ?Material properties of the component Physical size of the component? For a cylindrical conductor, diffusion time is:uσ a 2 (sec) τ= 2 2.4048 where : u = perm, σ = conductivity, a = radius in meters? Induced eddy currents always occur in conducting objects due to time- however, they may not always be significantANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-12Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1GUI - DesktopThe complex functionality built into the Maxwell solvers is accessed through the main user interface (called the desktop). Problem can be setup in a fairly arbitrary order. A new “validation check” has been added to insure that all required steps are completed.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-13Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1ACIS solid modeling kernelThe underlying solid modeling technology used by Maxwell products is provided by ACIS geometric modeler. ACIS version 21 is used in Maxwell v15. Users can create directly models using primitives and operations on primitives. In addition, users can import models saved in a variety of formats (sm2 .gds .sm3 .sat .step .iges .dxf .dwg .sld .geo .stl .prt .asm) When users import models into Maxwell products, translators are invoked that convert the models to an ACIS native format (sat format). Exports directly .sat, .dxf, .sm3, .sm2, .step, .igesANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-14Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1v15 Supported platformsWindows XP 32-bit Service Pack 2 Windows Server 2003 32-bit Service Pack 1 Windows XP 64-bit Service Pack 2 Windows Server 2003 64-bit Service Pack 1 Windows HPC Server 2008 Windows 7 Business Editions (32-bit and 64-bit versions) Red Hat (32 and 64 bit) v.4, v.5 SuSE (32 and 64 bit) v10, v11ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-15Maxwell v15? Starting Maxwell? ?PresentationOverview1Click the Microsoft Start button, select Programs, and select the Ansoft &Maxwell 15& Maxwell 15Or Double click on the Maxwell 15 icon on the Windows Desktop?Adding a Design? ?When you first start Maxwell a new project will be automatically added to the Project Tree. To insert a Maxwell Design to the project, select the menu item Project & InsertMaxwell 2D DesignToolbar: Insert Maxwell 2D Design Insert Maxwell 3D DesignInsert RMxprt DesignANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-16Maxwell v15? Maxwell DesktopMenu barPresentationOverview1ToolbarsProject Manager with project tree2D Modeler WindowProperty WindowHistory Tree Progress WindowMessage Manager Status bar Coordinate Entry FieldsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-17Maxwell v15? Maxwell Desktop C Project Manager? ? ?PresentationOverview1Multiple Designs per Project Multiple Projects per Desktop Integrated Optimetrics Setup (requires license for analysis)Project Manager WindowProjectDesignDesign SetupDesign Automation?Parametric ?Optimization ?Sensitivity ?StatisticalDesign ResultsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-18Maxwell v15? Maxwell Desktop C 2D ModelerGraphics area 2D Modeler Window ModelPresentationOverview1Edge2D Modeler design tree (history)Vertex Context menu (right mouse click on 2D modeler window) Origin XY Coordinate SystemANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-19Maxwell v15? Geometry Mode?PresentationOverview1To set the geometry mode: 1. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Solution Type 2. Solution Type Window: ? Choose Geometry Mode: Cartesian XY?Maxwell C Geometry Modes??A Cartesian (XY) model represents a cross-section of a device that extends in the z-direction. Visualize the geometric model as extending perpendicular to the plane being modeled. An Axisymmetric (RZ) model represents a cross-section of a device that is revolved 360° around an axis of symmetry (the z-axis). Visualize the geometric model as being revolved around the z-axis.Geometric Model Cartesian (XY Plane) Axisymmetric (RZ Plane)ZY X Z RΦANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-20Maxwell v15? Set Solution Type?PresentationOverview1To set the solution type: select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Solution Type?Magnetic Solution Types???Magnetostatic Computes the static magnetic field that exists in a structure given a distribution of DC currents and permanent magnets. The magnetic field may be computed in structures with both nonlinear and linear materials. An inductance matrix, force, torque, and flux linkage may also be computed from the energy stored in the magnetic field. Eddy Current Computes the oscillating magnetic field that exists in a structure given a distribution of AC currents. Also computes current densities, taking into account all eddy current effects (including skin effects). An impedance matrix, force, torque, core loss, and current flow may also be computed from the computed field solution. Transient Computes transient (Time Domain) magnetic fields caused by permanent magnets, conductors, and windings supplied by voltage and/or current sources with arbitrary variation as functions of time, position and speed. It can also be coupled with external circuits. Rotational or translational motion effects can be included in the simulation. Uses a time-stepping solver. Considers source induced and motion inducted eddy effects. Electrostatic Computes the static electric field that exists in a structure given a distribution of DC voltages and static charges. A capacitance matrix, force, torque, and flux linkage may also be computed from the electric field. AC Conduction Computes the AC voltages and current density distribution in a material having both conductive and dielectric properties given a distribution of AC voltages. An admittance matrix and current flow may also be computed from the calculated fields. DC Conduction Computes the DC currents that flow in a lossy dielectric given a distribution of DC voltages. A conductance matrix and current flow may also be computed from the computed electric field solution.P1-21?Electric Solution Types???ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarMaxwell v15? Set Model Units?PresentationOverview1To set the units: 1. Select the menu itemModeler & Units2.Set Model Units: 1. Select Units: mm 2. Click the OK button?Set Default Material?To set the default material: 1. Using the Modeler Materials toolbar, choose Select 2. Select Definition Window: 1. Type steel_1008 in the Search by Name field 2. Click the OK buttonANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-22Maxwell v15? Modeler C Draw a RectanglePoint 2PresentationOverview1Point 1Point 1Point 2Coordinate Entry FieldsThe Coordinate Entry fields allow equations to be entered for position values. Examples: 2*5, 2+6+8, 2*cos(10*(pi/180)). Variables are not allowed in the Coordinate Entry Field Note: Trig functions are in radiansANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-23Maxwell v15Modeler C Importing .dxf and .dwg CAD filesDefault options are shown below To change the number of segments on an imported curve:PresentationOverview1Change to face select mode: Edit & Select & Faces and click on face Modeler & Surface & Uncover Faces Change to object select mode: Edit & Select & Objects and click on open polyline Modeler & Purge History Modeler & Generate History Expand the history tree for that polyline and change number of segments as desired Select the polyline and: Modeler & Surface & Cover LinesANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-24Maxwell v15? Modeler C Object PropertiesCommands (dimensions and history)PresentationOverview1In History Tree:Attributes CommandsAttributes (properties of the object)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-25Maxwell v15? Modeler C AttributesPresentationOverview1Solve Inside C if unchecked meshes but no solution inside (like the old exclude feature in material manager) Model C if unchecked, the object is totally ignored outside of modeler with no mesh and no solutionANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-26Maxwell v15? Modeler - Views?PresentationOverview1View & Modify Attributes & ? Orientation C Predefined/Custom View Angles ? Lighting C Control angle, intensity, and color of light ? Projection C Control camera and perspective ? Background Color C Control color of 3D Modelerbackground?View & Visualization Settings C displayed resolution of curves View & Active View Visibility - Controls the display of: 3DModeler Objects, Color Keys, Boundaries, Excitations, Field Plots??View & Options C Stereo Mode, Drag Optimization, Color KeyDefaults, Default Rotation?View & Render & Wire Frame or Smooth Shaded (Default) View & Coordinate System & Hide or Small (Large) View & Grid Setting C Controls the grid displayToolbar: Toggle Grid Visibility P1-27??ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarMaxwell v15? Changing the View?PresentationOverview1Rotate Around Current Axis Pan Rotate Around Rotate Around Screen Center Model CenterToolbarZoom In/OutFit SelectedPredefined View Angles TopFit All Dynamic Zoom?Context MenuLeftRightBottom?Shortcuts ? Since changing the view is a frequently used operation, some useful shortcut keys exist. Press the appropriate keys and drag the mouse with the left button pressed: ? ALT + Drag C Rotate ? In addition, there are 9 pre-defined view angles that can be selected by holding the ALT key and double clicking on the locations shown on the next page. ? Shift + Drag - Pan ? ALT + Shift + Drag C Dynamic ZoomP1-28ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarMaxwell v15Maxwell V12 Keyboard ShortcutsGeneral Shortcuts ? F1: Help ? Shift + F1: Context help ? CTRL + F4: Close program ? CTRL + C: Copy ? CTRL + N: New project ? CTRL + O: Open... ? CTRL + S: Save ? CTRL + P: Print... ? CTRL + V: Paste ? CTRL + X: Cut ? CTRL + Y: Redo ? CTRL + Z: Undo ? CTRL + 0: Cascade windows ? CTRL + 1: Tile windows horizontally ? CTRL + 2: Tile windows vertically Modeller Shortcuts ? B: Select face/object behind current selection ? F: Face select mode ? O: Object select mode ? CTRL + A: Select all visible objects ? CTRL + SHIFT + A: Deselect all objects ? CTRL + D: Fit view ? CTRL + E: Zoom in, screen center ? CTRL + F: Zoom out, screen center ? CTRL + Enter: Shifts the local coordinate system temporarily ? SHIFT + Left Mouse Button: Drag ? Alt + Left Mouse Button: Rotate model ? Alt + SHIFT + Left Mouse Button: Zoom in / out ? F3: Switch to point entry mode (i.e. draw objects by mouse) ? F4: Switch to dialogue entry mode (i.e. draw object solely by entry in command and attributes box.) ? F6: Render model wire frame ? F7: Render model smooth shadedPresentationOverview1Alt + Double Click Left Mouse Button at points on screen: Sets model projection to standard isometric projections (see diagram below). ALT + Right Mouse Button + Double Click Left Mouse Button at points on screen: give the nine opposite projections.Predefined View Angles TopAlt + double left Click here to restore view in an RZ modelLeftRightBottomAlt + double left Click here to restore view in an XY modelANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-29Maxwell v15PresentationOverview1Simple Example? ? Magnetic core with coil Use 2D RZ Magnetostatic SolverCore (Steel_1008)Coil (120 Conductors, Copper)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-30Maxwell v15? Setup the geometry mode and solver? ? ?PresentationOverview1Choose Cylindrical about Z under Maxwell 2D & Solution Type Choose Magnetostatic Click the OK button?Create Core?To create the core: 1. Select the menu item Draw & Rectangle 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center position ? X: 0.0, Y: 0.0, Z: -3.0, Press the Enter key3.Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner of the rectangle ? dX: 2.0, dY: 0.0, dZ: 10.0, Press the Enter key?Continued on Next PageANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-31Maxwell v15? Create Core (Continued)?PresentationOverview1??????To Parameterize the Height 1. Select the Command tab from the Properties window 2. ZSize: H 3. Press the Tab key 4. Add Variable Window 1. Value: 10mm 2. Click the OK button To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: Core To set the material: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window 2. Click on the button in Material value: set to steel_1008 To set the color: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. Click the Edit button To set the transparency: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. Click the OK button To finish editing the object properties 1. Click the OK button To fit the view: 1. Select the menu item View & Fit All & Active ViewANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-32Maxwell v15? Set Default Material?PresentationOverview1To set the default material: 1. Using the 3D Modeler Materials toolbar, choose Select 2. Select Definition Window: 1. Type copper in the Search by Name field 2. Click the OK button?Create Coil?To create the coil for the current to flow: 1. Select the menu item Draw & Rectangle 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center position ? X: 2.0, Y: 0.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key3.Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner of the rectangle ? dX: 2.0, dY: 0.0, dZ: 4.0, Press the Enter key??To set the name: 1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window. 2. For the Value of Name type: Coil 3. Click the OK button To fit the view: 1. Select the menu item View & Fit All & Active ViewANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-33Maxwell v15? Create Excitation?PresentationOverview1Assign Excitation 1. Click on the coil. 2. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Excitations & Assign & Current 3. Current Excitation : General 1. Name: Current1 2. Value: 120 A (Note: this is 120 Amp-turns) 3. Ref. Direction: Positive 4. Click the OK button 5. Note that for RZ models, positive current flows into the screen, however for XY models, positive current flows out of the screen.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-34Maxwell v15??PresentationOverview1Define a RegionBefore solving a project a region has to be defined. A region is basically an outermost object that contains all other objects. The region can be defined by a special object in Draw & Region. This special region object will be resized automatically if your model changes size. A ratio in percents has to be entered that specifies how much distance should be left from the model. ? To define a Region: 1. Select the menu item Draw & Region 1. Padding Data: One 2. Padding Percentage: 200 3. Click the OK button?Note: Since there will be considerable fringing in this device, a padding percentage of at least 2 times, or 200% is recommendedP1-35ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarMaxwell v15? Setup Boundary?PresentationOverview1Assign Boundary 1. Change to edge selection mode by choosing: Edit & Select & Edges 2. Using the mouse, click on the top, right and bottom edges while holding down the CTRL key. 3. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Boundary & Assign & Balloon 4. Click the OK buttonANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-36Maxwell v15? Solution Setup - Creating an Analysis Setup?PresentationOverview1To create an analysis setup: 1. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D& Analysis Setup & Add SolutionAdd Solution SetupSetup2.Solution Setup Window: 1. Click the General tab: ? Maximum Number of Passes: 10 ? Percent Error: 1 2. Click the OK buttonANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-37Maxwell v15? Save Project?PresentationOverview1To save the project: 1. In a Maxwell window, select the menu item File & Save As. 2. From the Save As window, type the Filename: 2D_simple_example 3. Click the Save button?Model Validation?To validate the model: 1. Select the menu item Maxwell 3D& Validation Check 2. Click the Close button ? Note: To view any errors or warning messages, use the Message Manager.?Analyze?To start the solution process: 1. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D& Analyze AllValidate Analyze AllANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-38Maxwell v15? View detailed information about the progress?PresentationOverview1In the Project Tree click on Analysis & Setup1 with the right mouse button und select ProfileANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-39Maxwell v15? Mesh Overlay?PresentationOverview1?Create a plot of the mesh 1. Select the menu item Edit & SelectAll To create a mesh plot: 1. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Fields & PlotMesh2.Create Mesh Window: 1. Click the Done buttonANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-40Maxwell v15? Field Overlays?PresentationOverview1To create a field plot: 1. In the object tree, select the plane for plotting: 1. Using the Model Tree, expand Planes 2. Select Global:XZ 2. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D& Fields & Fields & B & Mag_B 3. Create Field Plot Window 1. Solution: Setup1 : LastAdaptive 2. Quantity: Mag_B 3. In Volume: Allobjects 4. Click the Done button 4. When done, turn off the plot using:View & Active View Visibility & Filed ReporterANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-41Maxwell v15? Field Overlays (cont)?PresentationOverview1Create another field plot: 1. In the object tree, select the plane for plotting: 1. Using the Model Tree, expand Planes 2. Select Global:XZ 2. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D& Fields & Fields & B & B_Vector 3. Create Field Plot Window 1. Solution: Setup1 : LastAdaptive 2. Quantity: B_Vector 3. In Volume: Allobjects 4. Click the Done button 4. When done, turn off the plot using:View & Active View Visibility & Filed ReporterANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-42Maxwell v15? Field Overlays (cont)?PresentationOverview1Create another field plot: 1. In the object tree, select the plane for plotting: 1. Using the Model Tree, expand Planes 2. Select Global:XZ 2. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D& Fields & Fields & A & Flux_Lines 3. Create Field Plot Window 1. Solution: Setup1 : LastAdaptive 2. Quantity: Flux_Lines 3. In Volume: Allobjects 4. Click the Done button 4. When done, turn off the plot using:View & Active View Visibility & Filed ReporterThis completes the simple example.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-43Maxwell v15Screen CapturingPresentationOverview1To save the drawing Window or a plot to the clipboard select the menu item: Edit & Copy Image In any Windows application, select: Edit & Paste to paste the imageANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-44Maxwell v15? File Structure?PresentationOverview1???Everything regarding the project is stored in an ascii file ? File: &project_name&.mxwl ? Double click from Windows Explorer will open and launch Maxwell Results and Mesh are stored in a folder named &project_name&.mxwlresults Lock file: &project_name&.lock.mxwl ? Created when a project is opened Auto Save File: &project_name&.mxwl.auto ? When recovering, software only checks date ? If an error occurred when saving the auto file, the date will be newer then the original ? Look at file size (provided in recover dialog)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-45Maxwell v15? Scripts?PresentationOverview1Default Script recorded in Maxwell ? Visual Basic Script?Remote Solve (Windows Only)?Tools & Options & General Options & Analysis OptionsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-46Maxwell v15Overall Setup ProcessDesign Solution Type 2. BoundariesPresentationOverview11. Parametric ModelGeometry/Materials 2. Excitations2. Analysis SetupSolution Setup Frequency Sweep Analyze3. Mesh OperationsMesh RefinementSolve4. Results2D Reports Fields NO Converged2. Solve LoopYES Update FinishedP1-47ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarMaxwell v15? Menu Structure? ? ? ?PresentationOverview1Draw C Primitives Modeler C Settings and Boolean Operations Edit C Copy/Paste, Arrange, Duplicate Maxwell 2D C Boundaries, Excitations, Mesh Operations, Analysis Setup, ResultsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-48Maxwell v15? Modeler C Model Tree?PresentationOverview1Select menu item Modeler & Group by MaterialMaterialObjectObject Command HistoryGrouped by MaterialObject ViewANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-49Maxwell v15? Modeler C Commands?PresentationOverview1Parametric Technology ? Dynamic Edits - Change Dimensions ? Add Variables ? Project Variables (Global) or Design Variables (Local) ? Animate Geometry ? Include Units C Default Unit is meters ? Supports mixed UnitsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-50Maxwell v15? Modeler C Primitives?PresentationOverview12D Draw Objects ? The following 2D Draw objects are available: ? Line, Spline, Arc, Equation Based Curve, Rectangle, Ellipse, Circle, Regular Polygon, Equation Based Surface 3D Draw Objects ? Note that 3D objects can be pasted into the 2D model window, but they are ignored by the solution ? The following 3D Draw objects are available (in Maxwell 3D): ? Box, Cylinder, Regular Polyhedron Cone, Sphere, Torus, Helix, Spiral, Bond Wire True Surfaces ? Circles, Cylinders, Spheres, etc are represented as true surfaces. In versions prior to release 11 these primitives would be represented as faceted objects. If you wish to use the faceted primitives, select the Regular Polyhedron or Regular Polygon.Toolbar: 2D Objects??ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-51Maxwell v15? Modeler C Boolean Operations/Transformations?PresentationOverview1Modeler & Boolean &?? ? ? ? ?Unite C combine multiple primitives ? Unite disjoint objects (Separate Bodies to separate) Subtract C remove part of a primitive from another IntersectC keep only the parts of primitives that overlap Split C break primitives into multiple parts along a plane (XY, YZ, XZ) Split Crossing Objects C splits objects along a plane (XY, YZ, XZ) only where they intersect Separate Bodies C separates objects which are united but not physically connected into individual objects Toolbar: Boolean?Edit & Arrange &? ? ? ?Move C Translates the structure along a vector Rotate C Rotates the shape around a coordinate axis by an angle Mirror C Mirrors the shape around a specified plane Offset C Performs a uniform scale in x, y, and z.Toolbar: Arrange?Edit & Duplicate &? ? ?Along Line C Create multiple copies of an object along a vector Around Axis C Create multiple copies of an object rotated by a fixed angle around the x, y, or z axis Mirror - Mirrors the shape around a specified plane and creates a duplicateToolbar: Duplicate?Edit & Scale C Allows non-uniform scaling in the x, y, or z directionP1-52ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarMaxwell v15? Modeler - Selection?PresentationOverview1Selection Types? ? ? ?Object (Default) Face Edge Vertex All Objects All Visible Object By Name?Selection Modes? ? ??Highlight Selection Dynamically C By default, moving the mouse pointer over an object will dynamicallyhighlight the object for selection. To select the object simply click the left mouse button. ? Multiple Object Selection C Hold the CTRL key down to graphically select multiple objects ? Next Behind C To select an object located behind another object, select the front object, press the b key to get the next behind. Note: The mouse pointer must be located such that the next behind object is under the mouse pointer. ? To Disable: Select the menu item Tools & Options & Modeler Options ? From the Display Tab, uncheck Highlight selection dynamicallySelectedDynamically Highlighted (Only frame of object)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-53Maxwell v15? Modeler C Moving Around? ?PresentationOverview1Modeler & Snap Mode to set the snaps Tools & Customize… Snap Mode to view Snap Mode toolbarToolbar: Snap ModeANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-54Maxwell v15? Modeler C Coordinate Systems? ?PresentationOverview1???Can be Parameterized Working Coordinate System ? Currently selected CS. This can be a local or global CS Global CS ? The default fixed coordinate system Relative CS ? User defined local coordinate system. ? Offset ? Rotated Toolbar: C oordinate System ? Both Face CS (setting available to automatically switch to face coordinate system in the Modeler Options)Step 1: Select FaceStep 2: Select OriginCone created with Face CS Change Box Size and Cone is automatically positioned with the top face of the box P1-55Step 3: Set X-AxisNew Working CSANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarMaxwell v15? 2D Measure?PresentationOverview1Modeler & Measure & ? Position C Location, Distance, and Area ? Edge C Edge Length ? Face C Surface Area ? Object C Surface Area, Object VolumePosition PointsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-56Maxwell v15? Options C General?PresentationOverview1Tools & Options & General Options & Project Options?Temp Directory C Location used during solution process ? Make sure it has at least 512MB free disk.?Options - Maxwell?Tools & Options & Maxwell Options & Solver??Set Number of Processors = 2 for 1 dual-core processor or two single-core processors. Requires additional license Default Process Priority C set the simulation priority from Critical (highest) to Idle (lowest)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-57Maxwell v15? Options C Modeler Options? ? ?PresentationOverview1Tools & Options & Modeler Options & Drawing for Point and Dialog Entry ModesCan enter in new dimensions using either Point (mouse) or Dialog entry mode Alternatively use F3 and F4 to switch between Point and Dialog entry modesTypical “Dialog” entry mode window? ? ?Tools & Options & Modeler Options & Display tab to enable playbackMust close and re-open Maxwell after making change for this setting, to activate Visualization is seen by clicking on primatives in the history tree (under subtract command, for instance)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-58Maxwell v15? Converting Older Maxwell Projects?PresentationOverview1From Maxwell v 11 and older, 1. Select the menu item File & Open 2. Open dialog 1. Files of Type: Ansoft Legacy EM Projects (.cls) 2. Browse to the existing project and select the .cls file 3. Click the Open button What is Converted? ? Converts Entire Model: Geometry, Materials, Boundaries, Sources and Setup??Solutions, Optimetrics projects and Macros are not convertedANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-59Maxwell v15? Material Setup - Libraries?PresentationOverview1? ?3-Tier library structure ? System (global) level C predefined from ANSYS and ships with new upgrades, users cannot modify this ? User Library C to be shared among several users at a company (can be encrypted) ? Personal libraries - to be used only by single user (can be encrypted) Add a new material: Tools & Edit Configured Libraries & MaterialsNew Interface for Materials Setting shared with RMxprtANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-60Maxwell v15? ?PresentationOverview1??Click “Add Material …”. The Material is only available in Project To add a material in the user or personal library: click on “Export Library” and save it in the desire library. In the main project window, click on Tools & Configured Libraries. Locate the library to have the material available for all the projects. Click on Save as default to automatically load library for any new project.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-61Maxwell v15? Materials Setup - EditingPresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-62Maxwell v15Material Setup C BH curveRobust BH curve entry C can delete points if you make a mistake Can import data from a file To export BH curve for use in future, right-mouse-click on curve and select Export to File…PresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-63Maxwell v15? Material Setup - Permanent Magnets?PresentationOverview1Direction of magnetization determined by material’s object’s Orientation and Magnetic Coercivity Unit Vectors. To modify the Orientation, open the Attribute for the object and change the coordinate system. The default Orientation for permanent magnets is Global CS. To modify the Magnetic Coercivity Unit Vectors for a permanent magnet material, enter the Materials Library and edit the material. The material coordinate system type can be described in Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical The magnetic coercivity has unit vectors corresponding to the chosen coordinate system: for instance X,Y,Z for cartesian. To rotate a magnet in a parametric simulation and the magnetization direction, you must first rotate the object and second assign the FaceCS, as shown below in the history tree?????1. Rotate 2. Create FaceCSANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-64Maxwell v15? Material Setup - Anisotropic Material Properties? ? ?PresentationOverview1ε1, ?1, and σ1 are tensors in the X direction. ε2, ?2, and σ2 are tensors in the Y direction. ε3, ?3, and σ3 are tensors in the Z direction.Note: Nonlinear anisotropic permeability not allowed in Maxwell 2D.?ε 1 0 [ε ] = ? ? 0 ε2 ? ?0 00? 0? ?, ε3 ? ?? ?1 [? ] = ? ?0 ? ?0Anisotropic Permeability no no no yes yes yes0?200? 0? ?, ?3 ? ??σ 1 0 0 ? ? [σ ] = ? 0 σ 0 2 ? ? ? ? ? 0 0 σ3?Dielectric Loss Tangent no no no no no no Magnetic Loss Tangent no no no no no noSolver Electrostatic DC Conduction AC Conduction Magnetostatic Eddy Current TransientAnisotropic Permitivity yes no yes no no noAnisotropic Conductivity no yes yes no no noANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-65Maxwell v15Boundary Type Default Boundary Conditions (Natural and Neumann) Symmetry E-Field Behavior Field behaves as follows: Natural boundaries ― The normal component of D changes by the amount of surface charge density. No special conditions are imposed. Neumann boundaries ― E is tangential to the boundary. Flux cannot cross a Neumann boundary. Field behaves as follows: Even Symmetry (Flux Tangential) ― E is tangen its normal components are zero. Odd Symmetry (Flux Normal) ― E is no its tangential components are zero. Field behaves so that voltage can fringePresentationOverview1Electric Field Boundary Conditions (Electrostatic, DC Conduction, AC Conduction)Used to model… Ordinary E-field behavior on boundaries. Object interfaces are initially set t outer boundaries are initially set to Neumann boundaries. Planes of geometric and electrical symmetry.BalloonGround at infinityMatching (Master and Slave) Resistance (DC conduction solver only)The E-field on the slave boundary is forced to match the magnitude and direction (or the negative of the direction) of the E-field on the master boundary. A resistance boundary models a very thin layer of resistive material (such as that caused by deposits, coatings or oxidation on a metallic surface) on a conductor at a known potential.Planes of symmetry in periodic structures where E is oblique to the boundary. Use this boundary condition when the resistive layer’s thickness is much smaller than the other dimensions of the model.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-66Maxwell v15Boundary Type Default Boundary Conditions (Natural and Neumann) H-Field Behavior Field behaves as follows: Natural boundaries ― H is continuous across the boundary. Neumann boundaries ― H is tangential to the boundary and flux cannot cross it. Sets the magnetic vector potential on the boundary. Note: In the Magnetostatic solver, A is RMS while in the Eddy Current solver, A is peak. Field behaves as follows: Odd Symmetry (Flux Tangential) ― H is tangen its normal components are zero. Even Symmetry (Flux Normal) ― H is no its tangential components are zero. Includes the effect of induced currents beyond the boundary surface. Field behaves so that magnetic flux can fringePresentationOverview1Magnetic Field Boundary Conditions (Magnetostatic, Eddy Current, Transient)Used to model… Ordinary field behavior. Initially, object interfaces ar outer boundaries and excluded objects are Neumann boundaries. Magnetically isolated structures.Magnetic Vector Potential SymmetryPlanes of geometric and magnetic symmetry.Impedance (Eddy Current only) BalloonConductors with very small skin depths. No fringing at infinityMatching (Master and Slave)The H-field on the slave boundary is forced to match the magnitude and direction (or the negative of the direction) of the H-field on the master boundary.Planes of symmetry in periodic structures where H is oblique to the boundary.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-67Maxwell v15Electric Field Sources (Electrostatic, DC Conduction, AC Conduction)Source Floating Conductor Voltage Charge Charge Density Type of Excitation Used to model conductors at unknown potentials. The DC voltage on a surface or object. The total charge on a surface or object (either a conductor or dielectric). The charge density in an object.PresentationOverview1Notes: In the Electrostatic solver, any conductor without a source condition will be assumed to be floating.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-68Maxwell v15Magnetic Field Sources (Magnetostatic)Source Current Current Density Type of Excitation The total current in a conductor. The current density in a conductor.PresentationOverview1Notes: In the Magnetostatic solver, current is RMS ampturns. Permanent magnets will also act as a source in the Magnetostatic solver.Magnetic Field Sources (Eddy Current)Source Current Parallel Current Current DensityType of Excitation The total current in a conductor. The total current in a a group of parallel conductors. The current density in a conductor.Notes: In the Eddy Current solver, current is peak amp-turns. Sources can be solid (with eddy effects) or stranded (without eddy effects).ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-69Maxwell v15Magnetic Field Sources (Transient)Source Current Current Density Coil Type of Excitation The total current in a conductor. The current density in a conductor. Current or voltage on a winding representing 1 or more turnsPresentationOverview1Permanent magnets will also act as a source in the Transient solver.Current and voltage sources (solid or stranded) can be constant or functions of intrinsic variables: speed (rpm or deg/sec), position (degrees), or time (seconds) Dataset function can be used for piecewise linear functions: Pwl_periodic (ds1, Time)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-70Maxwell v15Magnetic Field Sources (Transient) ? Maxwell 2D & Excitation & Current? ?PresentationOverview1Value: applies current in amps Type: ? Solid for windings having a single conductor/turn ? eddy effects are considered Stranded ? for windings having many conductors/turns ? eddy effects are not considered???Ref Direction: ? Positive or NegativeANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-71Maxwell v15Magnetic Field Sources (Transient) ? Maxwell 2D & Excitation & Add Winding?PresentationOverview1??Current C applies current in amps ? Solid or Stranded ? Input current and number of parallel branches as seen from terminal Voltage C applies voltage (total voltage drop over the length of a solid conductor or the entire winding) ? Solid or Stranded ? Input initial current, winding resistance, extra series inductance not considered in FEA model, voltage, and number of parallel branches as seen from terminal External C couples to Maxwell Circuit Editor ? Solid or Stranded ? Input initial current and number of parallel branches?Maxwell 2D & Excitation & Assign & CoilPick a conductor on the screen and then specify: ? Name ? Number of Conductors ? Polarity: positive, negative, or functional winding direction Note: Windings in the XY solver will usually have 2 coils: one positive and one negative polarity. Both coils will be added to the appropriate winding by right-mouse clicking on Coil in the project tree and choosing Add to WindingANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-72Maxwell v15? To Create an External Circuit1. 2.PresentationOverview13.Select: Maxwell2D & Excitations & External Circuit & Edit External Circuit & Import Circuit After circuit editor opens, add elements to construct the circuit. Note that the name of the Winding in the circuit (Winding1) must match the name of the Winding in Maxwell (Winding1) Save circuit as *.amcp file and then Maxwell Circuit & Export Netlist & *.sph file.IModelVModelM odeld1sw itch1 I W _sw 1 + -sw itch2 V S _sw 2LabelID=VI15.3ohm LabelID=R3LW inding1Note: The dot on the winding symbol is used as the positive reference for the current (positive current is oriented from the &dotted& terminal towards to &un-dotted& terminal of the winding as it passes through the winding).D640ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-73Maxwell v15? ? Maxwell 2D & Excitation & Set Eddy Effects?PresentationOverview1Need to enable the calculation of eddy effects in objectsMaxwell 2D & Excitation & Set Core Loss? ?For objects with zero conductivity (such as a laminated core), you can calculate the core loss Note that the core loss coefficients must be defined in the material setupANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-74Maxwell v15 Core Loss Calculation MethodThe core loss for electrical steel is based on:2 p = K h Bmax f + K c (Bmax f ) + K e (Bmax f ) 2 1.5PresentationOverview1where: Kh is the hysteresis coefficient. Kc is the classical eddy coefficient. Ke is the excess or anomalous eddy current coefficient due to magnetic domains. Bmax the maximum amplitude of the flux density. f is the frequency.The power ferrite core loss is based on:y p = Cm f x Bmaxwhere: Cm is constant value determined by experiment. fx is the frequency. Bymax is the maximum amplitude of the flux densityANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-75Maxwell v15Maxwell 2D & Design SettingsPresentationOverview1The Design Settings window allows you to specify how the simulator will deal with some aspects of the design. Tabs vary by solver used (the panel below is for the transient solver) Set the Symmetry Multiplier (For Transient XY Solutions only).Set the Material Threshold for treating materials as conductors vs. insulators. Set Preserve Transient Solution options (For Transient Solutions Only). Set transient coupling with Simplorer on the Advanced Product Coupling tab (For Transient Solutions Only) Set the Model Depth (Maxwell2D XY Transient Designs Only). Set the default Background material (Maxwell2D Designs Only).ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-76Maxwell v15? Maxwell 2D & Parameters? ?PresentationOverview1Allows the automatic calculation of parameters following the field solution Includes: Force, Torque, Flux linkage, Core loss, and MatrixANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-77Maxwell v15? Maxwell 2D & Model & Motion Setup & Assign BandPresentationOverview11. 2. 3.Defines the direction and type of motion (translation or rotation) Defines the mechanical parameters such as mass, damping, and load force Defines limits of motionANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-78Maxwell v15? Magnetostatic and Electric Solution Setup? ?PresentationOverview1Start the menu of solution setup by: Maxwell & Analysis Setup & Add Solution Setup … For Magnetostatic solver on Solver tab, suggest setting nonlinear residual = 0.001. On default tab choose Save Defaults to set this value for all future projects.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-79Maxwell v15? Eddy Current Solution SetupPresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-80Maxwell v15? Transient Solution SetupPresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-81Maxwell v15? Mesh Operations?PresentationOverview1To assign Mesh operations to Objects, select the Menu item: Maxwell 2D & Assign Mesh Operations 1. On Selection is applied on the surface of the object 2. Inside Selection is applied through the volume of the object 3. Surface approximation is applied to set faceting guidelines for true surface objectsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-82Maxwell v151. Mesh Operations “On selection” applied on the perimeter of the objectElement length based refinement: Length Based Skin Depth based refinement: Skin Depth BasedPresentationOverview1On selection C skin depth based (2 layers)On selection C length basedANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-83Maxwell v15Element length based refinement: Length BasedPresentationOverview12. Mesh Operations “Inside selection” - applied throughout the volume of the objectInside selection C length basedANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-84Maxwell v153. Mesh Operations “Surface Approximation”For true surfaces, perform faceting control on a face-by-face basis Select Mesh operation & Assign & Surface approximation and specify one or more settings: ? Maximum surface deviation (length)PresentationOverview1DD = Maximum Surface Deviation?Maximum Surface Normal Deviation (degrees) Θ = Maximum Surface r Normal Θ DeviationD = r (1 ? cos(Θ / 2))?Maximum Aspect RatioAspectRatio =ri roro 2 * riANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-85Maxwell v15? Manual mesh creation? ?PresentationOverview1To create the initial mesh: Click Maxwell & Analysis Setup & Apply Mesh Operations To refine the mesh without solving 1. Define mesh operations as previously discussed 2. Click Maxwell & Analysis Setup & Apply Mesh Operations 3. Click Maxwell & Analysis Setup & Revert to Initial Mesh to restart to the initial mesh?To view mesh information: Click Maxwell & Results & Solution Data and click on the tab Mesh StatisticsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-86Maxwell v15? Mesh Display1. 2.PresentationOverview1Select an object Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Fields & Plot MeshANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-87Maxwell v152D transient meshing for rotational models “Moving Surface” method usedPresentationOverview1StatorAir gapBand RotorANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-88Maxwell v152D transient meshing for translational models “Moving Band” method usedPresentationOverview1Adaptive meshing not used, so user must manually create the mesh or link to a solved MS or Eddy design The band area is re-meshed at each time step The stationary region and moving part(s) are not re-meshed If you link the mesh to a solved MS or Eddy design: The entire mesh from the linked design is transferred to the transient design. The mesh in objects inside and outside of the band never changes as motion occurs. If the starting transient position is the same as the linked MS or Eddy design, then the linked mesh in the band object is reused. If the starting transient position is the different than the linked MS or Eddy design, then the linked mesh in the band object is completely deleted. The band is then re-meshed based only on mesh operations in the transient solver. Any mesh or mesh operation on the band in the linked MS or Eddy Design is ignored. The key point is that mesh operations are always required on the band object (use inside selection) for Maxwell 2D transient designs. For subsequent positions as the object(s) move in the band, the mesh operations on the band in the transient design are re-applied at every timestep and a new mesh is created.Stationary region bandMoving part(s)ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-89Maxwell v15Post Processing?PresentationOverview1Two Methods of Post Processing Solutions: ? Viewing Plots ? Manipulating Field Quantities in Calculator?Five Types of Plots: 1. Contour plots (scalars): equipotential lines, ... 2. Shade plots (scalars): Bmag, Hmag, Jmag, … 3. Arrow plots (vectors): B vector, H vector, … 4. Line plots (scalars): magnitude vs. distance along a predefined line 5. Animation PlotsANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-90Maxwell v15Contour plotPresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-91Maxwell v15Shade plot (tone)PresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-92Maxwell v15Shade plot (fringe with outline)PresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-93Maxwell v15Arrow plotPresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-94Maxwell v15Line plotPresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-95Maxwell v15Multiple windows and multiple plotsPresentationOverview1ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-96Maxwell v15? Animation plot?PresentationOverview1Various types of animated plots are possible: ? Animate with respect to phase angle (eddy solver) ? Animate with respect to time (transient solver) ? Animate with respect to position (for parametric analysis) ? Animate with respect to shape change (for parametric analysis) Export to .gif or .avi format?ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-97Maxwell v15? Fields Calculator ? To bring up the Fields Calculator tool 1. Select the menu item Maxwell-&Fields-&Calculator?PresentationOverview1Typical quantities to analyze: 1. Flux through a surface 2. Current Flow through a surface 3. Tangential Component of E-field along a line 4. Average Magnitude of B-field in a core 5. Total Energy in an objectANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-98Maxwell v15? Fields Calculator C Export Command?PresentationOverview1Exports the field quantity in the top register to a file, mapping it to a grid of points. Use this command to save field quantities in a format that can be read by other modeling or post-processing software packages. Two options are available: 1. Grid points from file: Maps the field quantity to a customized grid of points. Before using this command, you must create a file containing the points. 2. Calculate grid points: Maps the field quantity to a three-dimensional Cartesian grid. You specify the dimensions and spacing of the grid in the x, y, and z directions.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-99Maxwell v15? Export to Grid ? Vector data &Ex,Ey,Ez& ? Min: [0 0 0] ? Max: [2 2 2] ? Spacing: [1 1 1] ? Space delimited ASCII file saved in project subdirectoryPresentationOverviewVector data &&Ex,Ey,Ez&& Grid Output Min: [0 0 0] Max: [2 2 2] Grid Size: [1 1 1 0 0 0 -71.76 128.093 0 0 1 -71.17 102.578 0 0 2 -65.76 -0.. 0 -259.719 27. 0 1 1 -248.088 16.9 0 1 2 -236.457 6.9 0 2 0 -447.716 159.007 -8. 1 -436.085 -262.567 82. 2 -424.454 -236.811 58. 0 -8.96 120.392 1 0 1 -8.03 94. 2 -7.2 69. 0 -271.099 -160.493 129.203 1 1 1 -235.472 -189.125 109.571 1 1 2 -229.834 -187.77 84. 0 -459.095 -8.27 1 2 1 -447.464 -433.556 94. 2 -435.833 -407.8 70. 0 101.079 -433.897 -18. 1 -327.865 -426.684 95. 2 -290.824 -419.471 70. 0 -72.4 -9. 1 -495.898 -415.461 103.026 2 1 2 -458.857 -408.248 77. 0 -470.474 -176.115 12. 1 -613.582 -347.994 83. 2 -590.326 -339.279 63.861ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-100Maxwell v15? Getting Help?PresentationOverview1If you have any questions while you are using Maxwell you can find answers in several ways: ? ANSYS Maxwell Online Help provides assistance while you are working. ? To get help about a specific, active dialog box, click the Help button in the dialog box or press the F1 key. ? Select the menu item Help & Contents to access the online help system. ? Tooltips are available to provide information about tools on the toolbars or dialog boxes. When you hold the pointer over a tool for a brief time, a tooltip appears to display the name of the tool. ? As you move the pointer over a tool or click a menu item, the Status Bar at the bottom of the Maxwell window provides a brief description of the function of the tool or menu item. ? The Maxwell Getting Started guide provides detailed information about using Maxwell to create and solve 3D EM projects. ? PDF version of help manual at: ../Maxwell/Maxwell15/help/maxwell_onlinehelp.pdf for printing. ? ANSYS Technical Support ? To contact ANSYS technical support staff in your geographical area, please log on to the ANSYS customer portal: https://www1.ansys.com/customer/default.asp?Visiting the ANSYS Web Site?If your computer is connected to the Internet, you can visit the ANSYS Web site to learn more about the ANSYS Inc and products. ? From the Desktop ? Select the menu item Help & Ansoft Corporate Website to access the Online Technical Support (OTS) system. ? From your Internet browser ? Visit http://www.ansys.com/ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-101Maxwell v15? WebUpdate?PresentationOverview1This feature allows you to update any existing software from the WebUpdate window. This feature automatically scans your system to find any software, and then allows you to download any updates if they are available.ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-102Maxwell v15? Application Support for North America?PresentationOverview1The names and numbers in this list may change without notice ? Technical Support: ? 9-4 EST: ? Pittsburgh, PA ? (412) 261-? ?Burlington, MA (781) 229-?9-4 PST: ? San Jose, CA ? (408) 261-? ?Portland, OR (503) 906- Irvine, CA (714) 417-? ?ANSYS Maxwell Field Simulator v15 C Training SeminarP1-103Maxwell v15Chapter 6.0 C Eddy Current Examples6.1 C Jumping Rings Axisymmetric Model 6.3 C Instantaneous Forces on Busbars6.0Chapter 6.0 C Basic ExercisesANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.0Maxwell v15Introduction6.1Eddy Current - Application NoteThis example investigates the classical “jumping rings” experiment using a 2D axi-symmetric eddy current model. Three rings are stacked on top of each other around a common axis. The bottom ring provides a 10 kHz excitation that induces eddy currents and losses in the other two rings. These rings are repelled from ring1 and can be suspended by the magnetic field as the current in ring1 is increased. The model consists of three solid copper rings. The bottom ring1 has a peak current of 1A, while ring2 and ring3 have no excitation and are open-circuited. The open-circuit condition is simulated by constraining the total current to zero. A physical layout of the actual device is shown in:After the problem is solved, you can do the following: View the impedance matrix. Calculate the power loss using two independent methods, and compare it to the loss in the convergence table. Calculate the induced voltage (V2’) across the open ends of ring2. The analysis includes all skin and proximity effects in the calculation of the impedance matrix, power losses, and voltage.ANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.1-1Maxwell v15Launching Maxwell6.1Eddy Current - Application NoteTo access Maxwell: 1. Click the Microsoft Start button, select Programs, and select Ansoft & Maxwell 15.0 and select Maxwell 15.0Setting Tool OptionsTo set the tool options: Note: In order to follow the steps outlined in this example, verify that the following tool options are set : Select the menu item Tools & Options & Maxwell 2D Options Maxwell Options Window: 1. Click the General Options tab Use Wizards for data input when creating new boundaries: ? Checked Duplicate boundaries/mesh operations with geometry: ? Checked 2. Click the OK button Select the menu item Tools & Options & Modeler Options. Modeler Options Window: 1. Click the Operation tab Automatically cover closed polylines: ? Checked 2. Click the Display tab Default transparency = 0.8 3. Click the Drawing tab Edit property of new primitives: ? Checked 4. Click the OK buttonANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.1-2Maxwell v15Opening a New Project6.1Eddy Current - Application NoteTo open a new project: After launching Maxwell, a project will be automatically created. You can also create a new project using below options. 1. In an Maxwell window, click the ? On the Standard toolbar, or select the menu item File & New. Select the menu item Project & Insert Maxwell 2D Design, or click on the iconSet Solution TypeTo set the Solution Type: Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Solution Type Solution Type Window: 1. Geometry Mode: Cylindrical about Z 2. Choose Magnetostatic & Eddy Current 3. Click the OK buttonSet Default UnitsTo Set Default Units Select the menu item Modeler & Units In Units window, Select units: cm (centimeters) Press OKANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.1-3Maxwell v15Define Solution Region6.1Eddy Current - Application NoteTo Create Simulation Region Select the menu item Draw & Rectangle 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the position of rectangle X: 0, Y: 0, Z: -10, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner dX: 20, dY: 0, dZ: 20, Press the Enter key Select the resulting sheet and goto the properties window Change the name of resulting sheet to Region Check the option Display WireframeCreate ModelThe model consists of three donut-shaped rings. A cross-section of the model is shown below. This is a 2-dimensional axi- an axi-symmetric model is rotated 360° around the z-axis (displayed as the v-axis in the drawing).Create Ring1 Select the menu item Draw & Circle 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center of circle X: 1, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius dX: 0.1, dY: 0, dZ: 0, Press the Enter key Select the resulting sheet and go to the Properties window Change the name of the sheet to Ring1 and color to red Change the material of the sheet to CopperANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.1-4Maxwell v15Create Ring2 Select the menu item Draw & Circle 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center of circle X: 1, Y: 0, Z: 0.5, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius dX: 0.1, dY: 0, dZ: 0, Press the Enter key Select the resulting sheet and go to the Properties window Change the name of the sheet to Ring2 and color to Green Change the material of the sheet to Copper Create Ring3 Select the menu item Draw & Circle 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center of circle X: 1, Y: 0, Z: 0.8, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius dX: 0.1, dY: 0, dZ: 0, Press the Enter key Select the resulting sheet and goto the Properties window Change the name of the sheet to Ring3 and color to Yellow Change the material of the sheet to Copper6.1Eddy Current - Application NoteAssign ExcitationsA current of 1A will be assigned to the Ring1 while 0A will be assigned to both Ring2 and Ring3. This forces the total current flow around these rings to be zero in order to model the “open-circuit” condition. To Assign Excitations for Ring1 Select the sheet Ring1 from history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Excitations & Assign & Current In Current Excitation window Name: Current1 Value: 1 A Type: Solid Ref. Direction: Positive Press OKANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.1-5Maxwell v156.1Eddy Current - Application NoteTo Assign Excitations for Ring2 Select the sheet Ring2 from history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Excitations & Assign & Current In Current Excitation window Name: Current2 Value: 0 A Type: Solid Ref. Direction: Positive Press OK To Assign Excitations for Ring3 Select the sheet Ring3 from history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Excitations & Assign & Current In Current Excitation window Name: Current3 Value: 0 A Type: Solid Ref. Direction: Positive Press OK Note: Choosing Solid specifies that the eddy effects in the coil will be considered. On the other hand, if Stranded had been chosen, only the DC resistance would have been calculated and no AC effects in the coil would have been considered.Assign BoundaryTo Assign Boundary to Region Edges Select the object Region from history tree Select the menu item Edit & Select & All Object Edges Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Boundaries & Assign & Balloon In Balloon Boundary window, Press OKANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.1-6Maxwell v15Assign Matrix Parameters6.1Eddy Current - Application NoteIn this example, the compete [3x3] impedance matrix will be calculated. This is done by setting a parameter. To Calculate Impedance Matrix Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Parameters & Assign & Matrix In Matrix window, For all current Sources Include: ? Checked Press OKCompute the Skin DepthSkin depth is a measure of how current density concentrates at the surface of a conductor carrying an alternating current. It is a function of the permeability, conductivity and frequency Skin depth in meters is defined as follows:δ =2ω? o ? rσwhere: ω is the angular frequency, which is equal to 2πf. (f is the source frequency which in this case is 10000Hz). σ is the conductor’ for copper its 5.8e7 S/m ?r is the conductor’s r for copper its 1 ?ο is the permeability of free space, which is equal to 4π×10-7 A/m. For the copper coils, the skin depth is approximately 0.066 cm which less than the diameter of 0.200cm for the conductors.ANSYS Maxwell 2D Field Simulator v15 User’s Guide6.1-7Maxwell v15Analysis Setup6.1Eddy Current - Application NoteTo create an analysis setup: Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Analysis Setup & Add Solution Setup Solution Setup Window: 1. General Tab Percentage Error: 0.01 2. Solver Tab Adaptive Frequency: 10 KHz 3. Click the OK buttonSpecify Mesh OperationsIn order to accurately compute the mutual resistance terms in the impedance matrix, a uniform mesh is needed in all conductors. To Assign Mesh Operation for Coils Press Ctrl and select all coils from history tree Select the menu item Maxwell 2D & Mesh Operations & Assign & InsideSelection & Length Based…In Element Length Based Refinement window, Name: Coils_Inside Restrict Length Of Elements: ? Unchecked Restrict Number of Elements: ? Checked Maximum Number of Elements: 1000 Press OK Note that by choosing “Inside Selection” instead of “On Selectio